Clinical and Electrophysiologic Characterization of Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Retinopathies Associated With Antienolase Antibodies

Weleber, Richard G.; Watzke, Robert C.; Shults, William T.; Trzupek, Karmen M; Heckenlively, John R.; Egan, Robert A.; Adamus, Grażyna

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.104

Cited by 178 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Detection of anti-enolase antibodies has been suggested as a means of specific diagnosis for some of these disorders (16,51,54,60). Although the pathological significance of these anti-enolase antibodies is not very clear, one has to exercise caution in the advocacy of Pfen as a malaria vaccine candidate and use only those regions of the protein that are protective and also very specific for the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibodies against human enolase protein have been detected in certain autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's encephalopathy (16,33), retinopathy (26,60), rheumatoid arthritis (21,46), systemic sclerosis (29), autoimmune premature ovarian failure (51), relapsing polychondritis (52), and lung adenocarcinoma (54). Detection of anti-enolase antibodies has been suggested as a means of specific diagnosis for some of these disorders (16,51,54,60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Properties and Surface Localization ofPlasmodium falciparumEnolase

et al. 2007

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The enolase protein of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has recently been characterized. Apart from its glycolytic function, enolase has also been shown to possess antigenic properties and to be present on the cell wall of certain invasive organisms, such as Candida albicans. In order to assess whether enolase of P. falciparum is also antigenic, sera from residents of a region of Eastern India where malaria is endemic were tested against the recombinant P. falciparum enolase (r-Pfen) protein. About 96% of immune adult sera samples reacted with r-Pfen over and above the seronegative controls. Rabbit anti-r-Pfen antibodies inhibited the growth of in vitro cultures of P. falciparum. Mice immunized with r-Pfen showed protection against a challenge with the 17XL lethal strain of the mouse malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii. The antibodies raised against r-Pfen were specific for Plasmodium and did not react to the host tissues. Immunofluorescence as well as electron microscopic examinations revealed localization of the enolase protein on the merozoite cell surface. These observations establish malaria enolase to be a potential protective antigen.Malaria continues to be a life-threatening infectious disease in the tropical world. Despite tremendous efforts to control the malaria epidemic, current prophylaxis and drug treatments are proving insufficient. The extensive spreading of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains as well as insecticide-resistant mosquitoes makes it urgent to develop an effective malaria vaccine. Long years of antigen identification and characterization have yielded many potential vaccine candidates, but developing an effective malaria vaccine has remained an incredibly difficult challenge (17). It has been observed that immunity to the disease develops gradually, after many attacks and over many years, in adults living in areas where malaria is endemic (2). The successful passive transfer of this immunity by injecting antibodies from malaria-immune persons to children susceptible to malaria has demonstrated that antibodies alone can trigger protection (5, 9, 58). These experiments have worked across geographical borders, as immunoglobulin G (IgG) from malaria-immune West Africans have cured East Africans as well as Thai malaria patients (5). The nature of this immunity is poorly understood at the molecular level. However, attempts have been made to identify antigens, the humoral response against which leads to protection. Seroepidemiological studies have identified several specific malarial blood-stage antigens including ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (10), apical membrane antigen (53), and PfP0, a conserved ribosomal protein (7,18,24), as protective antigens.Enolase has been reported to be present on the cell surface of several organisms (38). It is also considered to be a major immunostimulatory protein in the case of visceral leishmaniasis (19). Enolase has been demonstrated to play a protective role in Candida albicans infection (31, 41, 55). Recently, it has also been ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Properties and Surface Localization ofPlasmodium falciparumEnolase

et al. 2007

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“…Enolase is another metabolic enzyme which is potentially interesting in the context of MS. Antibodies against non-neuronal enolase (NNE) have been described in various autoimmune diseases, where they are believed to have a pathological role (6,7). Autoantibodies against NNE have also been implicated as a cause of autoimmune retinopathy (8)(9)(10). We, and others have reported the presence of anti-NNE antibodies in association with retinopathy in MS patients (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enolase and Arrestin are Novel Nonmyelin Autoantigens in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2007

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Introduction-Although myelin autoimmunity is known to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of nonmyelin antigens is less clear. Given the complexity of this disease, it is possible that autoimmunity against nonmyelin antigens also has a pathogenic role. Autoantibodies against enolase and arrestin have previously been reported in MS patients. The Tcell response to these antigens, however, has not been established.

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“…3 Anti-a-enolase autoantibodies are capable of accessing tissue and targeting ganglion cells, Muller cells, and photoreceptors. 2 It is believed that death of retinal cells is an irreversible process. 3 We report a patient with gynecological-CAR who experienced objective improvement in photoreceptor architecture following treatment of her underlying malignancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Past studies have found various retinal proteins to be antigenic, which include recoverin, a-enolase, arrestin, and transducin. 2 The inhibition of enolase, a glycolytic enzyme, results in metabolic disruption of retinal cells and the induction of apoptosis. 3 Anti-a-enolase autoantibodies are capable of accessing tissue and targeting ganglion cells, Muller cells, and photoreceptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Outer Retinal Laminations on Optical Coherence Tomography After Treatment of Cancer Associated Retinopathy

Rosenbaum¹

2017

JOJO

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a b s t r a c tPurpose: To report novel optical coherence tomography findings in a case of anti-a-enolase cancer associated retinopathy. Observations: An elderly female presented with bilateral decreased vision and a recent diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated bilateral loss of outer retinal structures and macular edema. Serum testing found antibodies against a-enolase and 82e84 kDa proteins. Outer retinal structures showed recovery, macular edema resolved and repeat anti-retinal antibody testing became negative following cancer therapy and topical difluprednate treatment. Conclusions and importance: Cancer associated retinopathy is a paraneoplastic disease that results in damage to retinal structures through an autoimmune response. The damage is generally considered to be irreversible; however, in rare cases, such as observed here, retinal structures may demonstrate recovery after treatment.

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Clinical and Electrophysiologic Characterization of Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Retinopathies Associated With Antienolase Antibodies

Cited by 178 publications

References 22 publications

Protective Properties and Surface Localization ofPlasmodium falciparumEnolase

Protective Properties and Surface Localization ofPlasmodium falciparumEnolase

Enolase and Arrestin are Novel Nonmyelin Autoantigens in Multiple Sclerosis

Recovery of Outer Retinal Laminations on Optical Coherence Tomography After Treatment of Cancer Associated Retinopathy

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