Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibility

Maschio-Lima, Taiza; Ribeiro-Marques, Mariela Domiciano; Lemes, Thiago Henrique; Brizzotti-Mazuchi, Natália Seron; Caetano, Maicon Henrique; Almeida, Bianca Gottardo de; Bianco, Letícia Monteiro; Monteiro, Ruan Campos; Rodrigues, Anderson Messias; Camargo, Zoilo Pires de; Siqueira, João Paulo Zen; Almeida, Margarete Teresa Gottardo de

doi:10.1007/s11259-021-09795-2

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, worldwide, there are few animal isolates of Sporothrix sp. that have been identified to the species level and published over the last 12 years [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In the present study, we molecularly characterized 119 Sporothrix sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporothrix brasiliensis and Feline Sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1998–2018)

Boechat

Oliveira

Gremião

et al. 2022

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Feline sporotrichosis is enzootic in different regions of Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro. This study compared the genotype profiles of Sporothrix sp. isolated from cats in Rio de Janeiro between 1998 and 2018 and evaluated their association with clinical and epidemiological characteristics. One hundred nineteen Sporothrix sp. isolates from a cohort of cats with sporotrichosis seen at INI/Fiocruz were included. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from the medical records of the animals. T3B PCR fingerprinting was used for molecular identification of the Sporothrix species. All isolates were characterized as Sporothrix brasiliensis, with the observation of low intraspecific variation in 31 isolates (31.3%). The interval between lesion onset and first medical visit at INI/Fiocruz, as well as treatment duration until clinical cure, was longer in cats from the first decade of the epizootic. In addition, the frequency of the variables “good general status” and “presence of lymphadenomegaly” was higher among cats whose strains did not exhibit intraspecific variation. So far, S. brasiliensis has been the only species identified in feline cases of sporotrichosis since the beginning of the epizootic in Rio de Janeiro at INI/Fiocruz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporothrix brasiliensis and Feline Sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1998–2018)

Boechat

Oliveira

Gremião

et al. 2022

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“…The current scenario of sporotrichosis shows signs of frank expansion. The map was drawn based on case reports available on the literature [ 5 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 31 , 32 , 68 , 91 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 105 , 108 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends

Rodrigues

Gonçalves

Carvalho

et al. 2022

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Sporotrichosis, a human and animal disease caused by Sporothrix species, is the most important implantation mycosis worldwide. Sporothrix taxonomy has improved in recent years, allowing important advances in diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Molecular epidemiology reveals that S. brasiliensis remains highly prevalent during the cat-transmitted sporotrichosis outbreaks in South America and that the spread of S. brasiliensis occurs through founder effects. Sporothrix globosa and S. schenckii are cosmopolitan on the move, causing major sapronoses in Asia and the Americas, respectively. In this emerging scenario, one-health approaches are required to develop a creative, effective, and sustainable response to tackle the spread of sporotrichosis. In the 21st century, it has become vital to speciate Sporothrix, and PCR is the main pillar of molecular diagnosis, aiming at the detection of the pathogen DNA from clinical samples through multiplex assays, whose sensitivity reaches remarkably three copies of the target. The treatment of sporotrichosis can be challenging, especially after the emergence of resistance to azoles and polyenes. Alternative drugs arising from discoveries or repositioning have entered the radar of basic research over the last decade and point to several molecules with antifungal potential, especially the hydrazone derivatives with great in vitro and in vivo activities. There are many promising developments for the near future, and in this review, we discuss how these trends can be applied to the Sporothrix-sporotrichosis system to mitigate the advance of an emerging and re-emerging disease.

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“…DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses became more common in the diagnostic scenario from the 2010s onwards [ 10 , 13 , 75 , 108 , 110 , 133 ]. Therefore, most keywords such as ‘fungal DNA’, ‘polymerase chain reaction’, ‘differential diagnosis’, ‘phylogeny’, ‘genotype’, ‘mycological typing techniques’ and ‘molecular diagnostic techniques’, have emerged only during the past decade [ 43 , 49 , 89 , 106 , 107 , 112 , 113 , 115 , 116 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 ]. Judging from the circle size of the keywords, we found that ‘fungal DNA’, ‘molecular diagnostic techniques’, ‘genotype’, ‘polymerase chain reaction’, and ‘molecular sequence data’ were the main research focuses ( Figure 7 , Supplementary Table S2 ).…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species-specific PCR assay was successfully used to diagnose feline sporotrichosis [ 64 ] ( Figure 10 ). Several studies have applied species-specific PCR to speciate Sporothrix [ 23 , 40 , 64 , 106 , 142 , 143 , 144 ].…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Tools Applied for Emerging Sporothrix Species

Carvalho

Monteiro

Hagen

et al. 2022

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Sporotrichosis is the most important subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals worldwide. The mycosis is caused after a traumatic inoculation of fungal propagules into the host and may follow an animal or environmental transmission route. The main culprits of sporotrichosis are thermodimorphic Sporothrix species embedded in a clinical clade, including S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, and S. luriei. Although sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, the etiological agents are not evenly distributed, as exemplified by ongoing outbreaks in Brazil and China, caused by S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, respectively. The gold standard for diagnosing sporotrichosis has been the isolation of the fungus in vitro. However, with the advance in molecular techniques, molecular assays have complemented and gradually replaced the classical mycological tests to quickly and accurately detect and/or differentiate molecular siblings in Sporothrix. Nearly all techniques available for molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis involve PCR amplification, which is currently moving towards detecting Sporothrix DNA directly from clinical samples in multiplex qPCR assays. From an epidemiological perspective, genotyping is key to tracing back sources of Sporothrix infections, detecting diversity in outbreak areas, and thus uncovering finer-scale epidemiological patterns. Over the past decades, molecular epidemiological studies have provided essential information to policymakers regarding outbreak management. From high-to-low throughput genotyping methods, MLSA, AFLP, SSR, RAPD, PCR-RFLP, and WGS are available to assess the transmission dynamics and sporotrichosis expansion. This review discusses the trends in the molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis, genotyping techniques applied in molecular epidemiological studies, and perspectives for the near future.

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Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibility

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Sporothrix brasiliensis and Feline Sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1998–2018)

Sporothrix brasiliensis and Feline Sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1998–2018)

Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends

Trends in Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Tools Applied for Emerging Sporothrix Species

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