Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Uruguay

Cabeza, Elisa; Arrillaga, Annie; Dalcín, Lucía; Carbia, Mauricio; Arteta, Zaida; Perera, Patricia

doi:10.3390/jof8030322

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In a more severe case, amphotericin B was an alternative drug. It is worth noting that itraconazole has been the treatment of choice for sporotrichosis, and most published series have reported disease remission and clinical cure with its use [ 35 , 44 , 46 ]. In contrast, potassium iodide has been used as a treatment for sporotrichosis for over 100 years [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species

Gonçalves

Rocha

Rediguieri

et al. 2023

JoF

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Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous fungal infection that affects humans and animals worldwide caused by species belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This study aims to examine the range of genetic variations, assess molecular epidemiology significance, and explore potential modes of transmission of the Sporothrix species associated with the current sporotrichosis outbreaks in Espírito Santo, Brazil. In this investigation, 262 samples were evaluated, including 142 from humans and 120 from felines, collected between 2016 and 2021. The isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Sexual idiomorphs were determined by mating-type PCR using primers specific to the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed to assess the genetic variability of Sporothrix spp. Finally, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. Of the 142 human samples, 125 were identified as S. brasiliensis and 17 as S. schenckii s. str. The presence of S. brasiliensis was overwhelming (100%) during outbreaks, highlighting the significant role of domestic cats in the emergence of this species. Heterothallism was the only observed mating strategy. However, the MAT1-2 idiomorph was predominant in cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (χ2 = 202.976; p < 0.0001). Our AFLP results show significant intraspecific variability observed among S. brasiliensis isolates in Espírito Santo. Different genotypes forming subgroups within the same population suggest that these isolates do not originate from a single ancestor, indicating multiple emergences. Furthermore, terbinafine was the antifungal with the best results in vitro. However, in clinical practice, itraconazole remains the primary treatment choice. Sporotrichosis continues to advance in the state; therefore, the health system must outline one-health strategies to contain the disease to prevent future epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species

Gonçalves

Rocha

Rediguieri

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…There was 1 report of 157 cases of Sporothrix spp. (100%) found in Uruguay [ 124 ]. Finally, there were 4 reports from Venezuela with 452 cases of Sporothrix spp., and the Sporothrix complex was found in 220 of those cases (48.67%), S. schenckii sensu lato in 130 (28.76%), S. schenckii in 42 (9.29%), S. schenckii sensu stricto in 17 (3.76%), S. globosa in 39 (8.63%), 1 case of Ophiostoma stenoceras (0.22%) and 3 cases were ND (0.66%) [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sporotrichosis In South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Uruguay, 100% of the cases were due to Sporothrix spp. (100%) [ 124 ]. In Venezuela, Sporothrix spp.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sporotrichosis In South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Clinical Sporotrichosis in the Americas in the Last Ten Years

Hernández‐Castro

Pinto‐Almazán

Arenas

et al. 2022

JoF

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Background: Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Sporothrix genus. Presently, the prevalence of sporotrichosis in the Americas is unknown, so this study aims to analyze the cases reported in the past 10 years. Methods: An advanced search was conducted from 2012 to 2022 in English and Spanish in PUBMED, SciELO, and Cochrane, with the terms: “sporotrichosis”, “lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis”, “fixed sporotrichosis”, “mycosis”, “Sporothrix spp.”, “Sporothrix complex”, “S. schenckii sensu stricto”, “S. schenckii sensu lato”, “S. globose”, “S. brasiliensis”, “S. luriei”. Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Sporothrix genus associated with “pathogenicity” or “epidemiology”. Results: A total of 124 articles were found in the Americas, corresponding to 12,568 patients. Of these, 87.38% of cases were reported in South America, 11.62% in North America, and 1.00% in Central America and the Caribbean. Brazil, Peru, and Mexico had the highest number of cases. The most prevalent etiological agents were S. schenckii complex/Sporothrix spp. (52.91%), S. schenckii (42.38%), others (4.68%), and Not Determined (ND) (0.03%). The most frequent form of the disease was lymphocutaneous infection; however, the infection type was not determined in 5639 cases. Among the diagnostic methods, culture was the most used. Conclusions: There is a high occurrence of cases reported in the literature. South America is the region with the highest number of reports because of its environment (climate, inhalation of spores, etc.), zoonotic transmission (scratches and sneezes from contaminated animals), and possible traumatic inoculation due to outdoor activities (agriculture, gardening, and related occupations). Molecular diagnosis has not been sufficiently developed due to its high cost.

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Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis

Rodrigues,

de Carvalho,

Nery

et al. 2024

Mycopathologia

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Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Uruguay

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species

Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species

Epidemiology of Clinical Sporotrichosis in the Americas in the Last Ten Years

Multifocal Sporotrichosis Associated with Armadillo Hunting in Midwest Brazil: An In-Depth Case Study and Comprehensive Literature Analysis

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