Clinical and epidemiological features of secondary glaucoma in a highly specialized ophthalmology hospital in Mexican population

Abstract

Purpose To determine the prevalence and types of secondary glaucoma in adult patients in the Mexican population. Methods Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study in Patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with secondary glaucoma in the period from January-June 2024. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out within the established period, selecting patients with secondary glaucoma. The analysis included descriptive statistics of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range, standard deviation) for numerical variables, as well as tables and/or graphs for categorical variables. Results A total of 2390 records were analyzed, of which 987 corresponded to subsequent patients, a final sample of 1403 first-time patients were obtained, of which 208 corresponded to secondary glaucoma (14.83%). The most frequent cause of secondary glaucoma was secondary to neovascularization (n = 79, 37.98%), in order of frequency, intraocular surgery (n = 40, 19.23%), corneal transplant (n = 26, 12.50%), ocular inflammation (n = 21, 10.10%), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (n = 18, 8.65%), ocular trauma (n = 9, 4.33%), pathologies associated with the lens (n = 7, 3.37%), other causes (n = 3, 1.44%), pigment dispersion syndrome and associated with corticosteroids (n = 2 each, 0.96%), finally associated with tumors (n = 1, 0.48%). Conclusion The prevalence of secondary glaucoma in adult patients of the Mexican population was 14.8% (n = 208). The prevalence was 50% in women and 50% in men (n = 104). The most common type was secondary to neovascularization in both sexes, the most frequent age was found in patients between 50 and 59 years.