Clinical and Gender Differences in Heart Transplant Recipients in the New Heart Study

Abstract

Background-Little attention has focused on gender differences in cardiac comorbidities and outcomes in patients undergoing orthotropic heart transplant.

Gender differences in heart transplantation: Twenty‐five year trends in the nationwide Spanish heart transplant registry

“…At the time we began to write this article, we could only find one substudy within a study in the literature in which the patients had been screened for another reason. 8 Another study compared posttransplanted men and women and provided an analysis of patients.…”

“…3 Heart transplant (HT) is the gold standard of treatment for selected heart failure (HF) patients refractory to optimal therapy with poor prognosis in the absence of significant comorbidities. [4][5][6] Although much research has been done to study different aspects of HT, gender differences have received little attention so far [7][8][9] and most studies have mainly addressed donor-recipient matching. [10][11][12] It is necessary to have reliable information on the differences in HT by gender and to identify gaps in knowledge and needs of prospective studies.…”

Sex and Gender Issues in Heart Transplantation

“…Women continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials, and more HF-related deaths occur annually in women as compared to men [2,3]. The fact remains that women are transplanted less frequently than men, making it critical for researchers to examine why such gender differences continue to exist [4,5]. In addition, men are more frequently recipients, whereas women are more frequently donors [4].In a data set of 698 consecutive patients with idiopathic non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) referred for HTx to the German Heart Institute, only 15.6% were women, suggesting a referral bias against women.…”

“…cardiomyopathy, and to have fewer cardiovascular risk factors [7]. In the USA, heart transplanted men were generally older and had more chronic cardiovascular conditions [5].…”

“…What is important, men had more chronic cardiovascular conditions after HTx, while women were more likely to experience moderate or severe allograft rejection and to be hospitalized for acute rejection [5]. Moreover, donor-recipient gender mismatch is a powerful independent predictor of early and late rejections and long-term major adverse events following HTx [20].…”