Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Calvarial Doughnut Lesions with Bone Fragility in Three Families with a Reccurent SGMS2 Gene Variant

Abstract

Calvarial doughnut lesions (CDL) with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (MIM: #126550) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density, spinal and peripheral fractures, and specific sclerotic lesions of the cranial bones. In the current classification of skeletal disorders, the disease is included in the group of bone fragility disorders along with osteogenesis imperfecta. The disease is caused by pathogenic variants in the SGMS2 gene, the protein product of which is sphingomyelin synthase 2, which primarily contributes to sphingomyelin (SM) synthesis—the main lipid component of the plasma membrane essential for bone mineralization. To date, 15 patients from eight families with CDL with bone fragility have been described in the literature, and a recurrent variant c.148C>T (p.Arg50Ter) in the SGMS2 gene has been identified, which was found in patients from six families. We diagnosed the disease in 11 more patients from three unrelated families, caused by the same heterozygous nonsense variant c.148C>T (p.Arg50Ter) in the SGMS2 gene. Our results show wide interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability in patients with a detected recurrent variant in the SGMS2 gene, the presence of which must be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of the disease. The primary analysis of this variant will contribute to optimal molecular genetic diagnostics, which can reduce diagnostic costs and time.

Hereditary human diseases with skeletal pathology – molecular pathogenesis and clinical characteristics

“…Считается, что 90% больных НО имеют генетический дефект, приводящий к количественным и качественным (иногда обоим) аномалиям в молекулах коллагена типа I. Аутосомно-рецессивным типом наследования передаются мутации в генах, обеспечиваю щих сборку молекул коллагена: LEPRE1 -пролил-3-гидроксилаза-1, CRTAPбелок, ассоциированный с хрящом, PPIB -пептидилпролил-цис-трансизомераза B. Данные мутации вызывают наиболее тяжелые или летальные формы НО. Также возможны дефекты минерализации костной ткани (гены IFITM5 -интерферониндуцированный трансмембранный белок-5, SERPINF1 -ингибирование пептидазы серпина, ветви F, элемента 1) и дифференцировки остеобластов (SP7 -фактор транскрипции SP7, WNT1 -протоонкоген WNT1, CREB3L1 -циклический АМФ-чувствительный элементсвязываю щий белок 3, подобный белку 1) [19][20][21][22].…”