“…Nevertheless, all congenital heart surgeries continued to be performed at the Institute. Despite the increased clinical workload, this was the period of innovation and landmark studies on cardiac valve surgery and echocardiographic assessments (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), highlighting the value and limitations of valve replacements, tissue valves, mechanical valves and prosthetic valve mismatches (18)(19)(20)(21). During this period, the Ross procedure was adopted at the Institute, and subsequently the Institute became a pioneer of this surgical procedure in Canada (22,23).…”