Clinical and histopathological profile of female genital schistosomiasis

Abstract

Objective: The present research performed a clinical and histopathological analysis of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) cases. This was a descriptive and retrospective study, with a quantitative approach based on secondary databases belonging to Memorial Nestor Piva from Universidade Tiradentes. Methodology: Medical records and biopsies from patients affected with genital schistosomiasis (1984-1994) 75 pathology reports were found, biopsies of feminine genitals, with the respective paraffin blocks and slides. In these three search blocks, to contain sufficient quantity of biological material underwent histological new. For pathological analysis, hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius Red and Masson's trichrome staining were used. A distribution of cases per year was performed to obtain an average and a percentage distribution among the most affected organs. In addition, the chi-square test was used to establish an association between schistosomiasis and its anatomical location and with other pathologies. Results: An average of four cases per year was obtained and the infection was found in all genital system organs, with its highest concentration in the ovaries followed by the uterus. In addition, there was an association between the parasitosis and cervical metaplasia, uterine tumors and salpingitis. In the histopathological analysis, several granulomas containing Schistosoma mansoni eggs, in productive and curing phases, were observed. Conclusion: It was concluded that ovaries were the most affected anatomical sites and that the presence of genital schistosomiasis may favor the occurrence of associated pathologies, thus causing a high morbidity rate to women's health.

Prevalence, Primary Health Care Diagnosis, and Challenges Encountered by Health Care Workers in the Control of Schistosomiasis, in the Tiko Health District, South Western Cameroon

“…The first hospital record was in 2015 in the Baptist Hospital Mutengene with two cases that year. An essential aspect of the primary health care system (PHC) approach is the clinical care of patients who visit health care facilities with schistosomiasis related complaints [3], [17].…”

“…Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with more recent data estimating the number of people infected globally at 200 million [1]. More focused data have been published that present evidence of the serious nature of liver disease, [2] female genital schistosomiasis [3] and the effect on anaemia and pregnancy outcomes [4], [5]. In the past decade, with the London Declaration of 2012 to combat NTDs, there has been expectancy within the corps of medical personnel for policy makers to begin implementation of control measures.…”

Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A Neglected among the Neglected Tropical Diseases

“…Reported cases include ovarian localization due to female genital schistosomiasis caused by S. mansoni [ 41 ]. While the pathological mechanism of ovarian infestation remains unknown, it may be explained by the parasite’s ability to traverse extensively anastomosed abdominal and pelvic blood vessels [ 42 ]. It is also possible to have genital manifestations without urinary tract involvement, possibly due to individual variations in blood vessel patterns, blood flow, and worm localization [ 43 ].…”

The parasitology of female genital schistosomiasis

“…However, eggs that enter into the urinary tract exit the bladder through urine and enter water bodies where hatched miracidia continue the transmission cycle ( Nelwan, 2019 ). It is important at this point to note that while S. haematobium is the most implicated species in FGS, there are also reports of FGS being caused by S. mansoni ( Kjetland et al., 2012 ; Christinet et al., 2016 ; Leandro et al., 2021 ) and possibly from mixed infections and interactions of S. haematobium and S. mansoni ( Cunin et al., 2003 ; Gouvras et al., 2013 ). Eggs migrating to the male genital tract resulting in male genital schistosomiasis (MGS) have also been reported, initially in 1911 in Egypt and more recently in other parts of Africa, affecting boys and men and causing various debilitating urogenital symptoms such as pelvic, coital and ejaculatory pain, haemospermia and others ( Vilana et al., 1997 ; Leutscher et al., 2008 ; Kayuni et al., 2019a , 2019b , 2021 ).…”