Clinical and Immunoinflammatory Evaluation of One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Ultrasonic Debridement as a Therapeutic Approach for Smokers With Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Short‐Term Follow‐Up Study

Abstract

Considering the clinical and immunoinflammatory parameters evaluated in this short-term follow-up study, it can be concluded that OSFMUD can be used as an alternative treatment for smokers with GAgP.

Effects of smoking on non‐surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis Stage III or IV, and Grade C

“…Another study reported that GCF concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-decreased from baseline to 6 months in nonsmokers as well as smokers. 30 Although similar trends were observed, the current study agreed only in part with the earlier investigations presumably because of individual differences or by the complex nature of GAgP and possible presence of disease subgroups. This might be explained by the transient post-treatment falls and increases observed, paticularly for TNF-.…”

“…16 However, another study reported contradicting data as both non-smokers and smokers exhibited similarly significant reductions in PD and bleeding scores between baseline and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. 30 Accordingly, the present study indicated similar outcomes for CAL and BOP in the smoker and non-smoker groups. Hawthorne effect may have had a role in the similar clinical outcomes in smoker and non-smoker groups.…”

Six‐month clinical outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment with antibiotics on apoptosis markers in aggressive periodontitis

“…Some studies did not find any differences in TNF‐α levels after quadrant SRP with and without amoxicillin plus metronidazole at both 3 (Machtei & Younis, ) and 6 months (de Lima Oliveira et al, ). However, some did find a significant reduction after quadrant SRP at 6 months (Duarte et al, ; De Genaro Modanese et al, ; Romano et al, ). In the current study, OSFMD with amoxicillin plus metronidazole failed to reduce TNF‐α levels in GCF samples at 6 months.…”

“…Thus, regulating TNF‐α levels may be important for controlling aberrant apoptosis in GAgP. In the literature, there have been contradictory results with regard to the effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on TNF‐α levels in the GCF of GAgP patients (Duarte et al, ; De Genaro Modanese et al, ; de Lima Oliveira et al, ; Machtei & Younis, ; Romano et al, ). Some studies did not find any differences in TNF‐α levels after quadrant SRP with and without amoxicillin plus metronidazole at both 3 (Machtei & Younis, ) and 6 months (de Lima Oliveira et al, ).…”

“…Paper strips (Periopaper; Oraflow, Smithtown, NY, USA) were used to collect GCF samples by gently inserting the strips into the sulcus for 30 s (Aral, Koseoglu, Saglam, Pekbagriyanik, & Savran, ). GCF volume was calculated from four pooled samples from each patient for ELISA analyses (De Genaro Modanese et al, ). To control for potential effects of different GCF sample volumes on the results, the volume of GCF collected on the strips was calculated by weighing the four pooled strips before and after fluid collection using an analytical microbalance as previously described (Needleman, Grahn, & Pandya, ) at baseline and 3 and 6 months.…”