Clinical and immunological features of convalescent pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin, China

Wang, Jingyu; Li, Tian-Ning; Zhou, Chunlei; Zhao, Jie; Wang, Meng; Wang, Yuan; Jiang, Yan; Dong, Henan; Qi, Qian-Ru; Mu, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.10.009

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These results suggested that Sinovac and CanSino vaccines have notable effects on T lymphocyte levels in convalescent adult patients, which might promote the recovery of adult patients infected with Omicron variants. Consistent with the previous studies ( Wang et al, 2022 ), we observed that the Sinopharm, Sinovac, and CanSino vaccines have significant protective effects on the prevention of RP in convalescent adult patients. Taken together, we inferred that although vaccination does not eliminate infection of the Omicron variant, it has a significant effect on the body’s defense against the virus in adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Studies in adult patients have deduced the importance of CD4 + T cells in controlling and fine-tuning the pathogenesis and outcomes of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV infection ( Chen G. et al, 2020 ). Another study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination specifically affected the cell-mediated immunity profile of convalescent pediatric patients, especially CD3 + T and CD8 + T cells ( Wang et al, 2022 ). Interestingly, CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells levels were obviously higher in CanSino patients than in unvaccinated patients, and Sinovac patients have significantly higher CD8 + T cell levels compared to unvaccinated patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A retrospective study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has become a global focus due to Omicron variant pandemic. The effects of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are diverse. However, studies on the effect of domestic vaccines on clinical characteristics in convalescent adult patients infected with the Omicron variant are lacking.MethodsIn this retrospective, single-center cohort study, the effect of three domestic vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with the Omicron variant was investigated in the initial largest outbreak of the Omicron variant infection between January and February 2022 in Tianjin, China. The primary endpoint was COVID-19 severity and the secondary endpoints were re-positive results on nucleic acid tests, liver and kidney function, and inflammation levels during recovery.ResultsA total of 320 adult patients infected with the Omicron variant were enrolled, including 296 post-vaccination and 24 unvaccinated patients. The median age of the unvaccinated patients was higher than that of vaccinated patients, but no significant difference was detected in the sex composition ratio between the different groups. Binary logistic regression results suggested that Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccine was an independent protective factor for relieving the severity of the Omicron variant infection. Regrettably, the vaccines did not showed any protective effect on the liver and kidney function of convalescent adult patients. Three domestic vaccines significantly relieved inflammation and increased the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels. Furthermore, Sinovac and CanSino vaccines had a better immune stimulation effect on increasing T lymphocytes levels in convalescent adult patients. In addition, three domestic vaccines have protective effects on preventing re-detectable positive (RP) result in convalescent adult patients.ConclusionAlthough the three domestic vaccines cannot prevent the infection of the Omicron variant, it has a significant protective effect in adult patients. This study supports the policy of accelerating to vaccination worldwide combat the evolving and mutating SARS-CoV-2.DiscussionOmicron spreads faster and might escape antibodies more readily than previous variants, increasing the cases of reinfection and breakthrough infections in vaccinated people. Although vaccinated people are likely to have a much lower risk of severe disease from Omicron infection, many issues still need to be considered. Concerns about lower vaccine efficacy because of new variants might have changed our understanding of the COVID-19 endgame, disabusing the world of the notion that global vaccination is by itself adequate for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current data showed that vaccination with three domestic SARS-CoV-2 vaccines alleviates the disease severity of adult patients with COVID-19, reduces the inflammation level and the RP rate of convalescent adult patients, and enhances body’s defense against the virus in convalescent adult patients. Moreover, our study has highlighted that a combination prevention approach of vaccination and public health measures would be an effective strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A retrospective study

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing adult population, the pediatric population showed a milder severity of clinical course and a lower rate of mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. Approximately 90% patients expressed an asymptomatic, mild, or moderate severity in children [ 2 – 4 ]. Compared with the general population, most patients with hematology and oncology diseases were immunocompromised and may be at a high risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotype of lymphocytes and real-world outcome of COVID-19 infection in children with hematology and oncology

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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Background Patients with immunocompromise were suspected to encounter a high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on early period; however, data is lacking nowadays and immune response remain unclear. Methods In this retrospective study, internet questionnaire survey and medical records were acquired in pediatric hematology oncology patients. Clinical severity, immunological characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed from December 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 at the 3rd year of pandemic in China. Results A total of 306 patients were included, with 21 patients (6.9%) asymptomatic, 262 (85.6%) mild severity, 17 (5.6%) moderate severity, 5 (1.6%) severe severity, and 1 (0.3%) critical severity. Seventy-eight (25.5%) patients were on intensive chemotherapy, and 32.0% children were on maintenance chemotherapy. Delays in cancer therapy occurred in 86.7% patients. Univariable analysis revealed active chemotherapy (P < 0.0001), long duration of symptom (P < 0.0001), low lymphocytes count (P = 0.095), low CD3 + and CD8 + T cell count (P = 0.013, P = 0.022), high percentage of CD4 + TCM (P = 0.016), and low percentage of transitional B cells (P = 0.045) were high risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. Cox regression model showed that the absolute lymphocytes count (P = 0.027) and long duration of symptom (P = 0.002) were the independent factors for severity. Patients with CD8 + dominant and B cell depletion subtype wasn’t related with severity, but had higher percentage of CD8 + effector memory T cells (TEM) and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (TEMRA) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and a longer COVID-19 duration (P = 0.045). Conclusion The severity was relatively mild in children with immunodeficiencies in the third year of COVID-19 pandemic. Low lymphocyte count and long duration of symptom were the independent risk factors with COVID-19 severity. Delays in cancer care remain a major concern and the long outcome is pending.

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“…COVID-19 disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious public health hazard in the twenty-first century. The most common clinical manifestations range from influenza-like illness with fever and chills to severe illness with lung damage, multiple organ failure, and even death ( Wei et al, 2022 ; Jing et al, 2022 ). The genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1–Nsp16), 4 structural proteins, and 9 accessory proteins ( Uddin et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp8 induces mitophagy by damaging mitochondria

Zong

et al. 2023

Virologica Sinica

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Clinical and immunological features of convalescent pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin, China

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A retrospective study

Effects of vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A retrospective study

Immunophenotype of lymphocytes and real-world outcome of COVID-19 infection in children with hematology and oncology

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp8 induces mitophagy by damaging mitochondria

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