Clinical and instrumental profile of patients with stage II essential hypertension with different forms of extrasystoles according to the level of apelin-13

Abstract

Annotation. Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among cardiovascular diseases, so today new metabolic markers of cardiovascular risk are being actively studied. One of them is apelin-13. Objective – to evaluate the clinical and instrumental profile of patients with stage II hypertension with different forms of extrasystoles and different neurohumoral background – conditionally high/low serum apelin-13 levels. 156 patients with stage II essential hypertension were examined. 124 of them had frequent symptomatic extrasystoles, 32 patients had no arrhythmias and were considered to the comparison group. 30 practically healthy normotensive persons were considered to the control group. All patients underwent a complete clinical and anthropometric examination, blood pressure measurement, automatic daily blood pressure monitoring, daily electrocardiogram monitoring, echocardiography and the assessment of serum apelin-13 level. For statistical analysis, the procedure of non-linear data estimation was chosen, namely logistic regression or logit model. To form the basic statistical matrix of the analysis, we used clinical-instrumental and laboratory indicators, which passed a preliminary correlation analysis of Spearman with the level of apelin-13 serum and found a significant correlation (p<0.05). In the course of the logistic analysis at the final model, which allowed to predict “background of apelin” in patients with stage II EH entered 4 independent factors that revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations with the initial parameter: the value of the systolic arterial pressure time index in%, the index of the left atrium in mm/m2, the average number of ventricular extrasystoles for 1 hour and the level of total cholesterol in plasma in mmol/l. The last indicator showed the least informativeness in predicting of the apelin-13 serum level. Interpreting the data of the obtained logit regression model, it should be said that in patients with EH of increasing the value of the systolic arterial pressure time index, the index of the left atrium and the average value of ventricular extrasystoles during 1 hour and decrease total cholesterol level in plasma increase the probability of determining relatively low (<920 pg/ml) and at the same time reduce the probability of determining a relatively high (≥920 pg/ml) level of apelin serum. These data also show that the highest informativeness in predicting the level of apelin-13 in patients with EH was the total number of ventricular extrasystole per hour. So, a high “apelin background” (≥920 pg/ml) in patients with EH will be accompanied by a benign course of the disease, so an increase serum apelin-13 in patients with EH should be considered as positive neurohumoral changes that promote cardioprotection, improve prognosis course of the disease and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Association Between Apelin and Nitrous Oxide with Essential Hypertensive Patient and their Relation toSex

“…In our study, when compared to controls, serum apelin levels in essential hypertensive patients were found to be significantly lower, a result similar to those found by other studies (11)(12)(13) . Apelin is a multifunctional peptide that was reported to have a role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension.…”