Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey

Eren, Erdal; Ergür, Ayça Törel; Isguven, Sukriye Pinar; Bitkin, Eda Çelebi; Berberoğlu, Merih; Şıklar, Zeynep; Baş, Firdevs; Yel, Servet; Baş, Serpil; Söbü, Elif; Bereket, Abdullah; Turan, Serap; Sağlam, Halil; Atay, Zeynep; Ercan, Oya; Güran, Tülay; Atabek, Mehmet Emre; Korkmaz, Hüseyin Anıl; Uğurlu, Aylin Kılınç; Akıncı, Ayşehan; Döğer, Esra; Şimşek, Enver; Akbaş, Emine Demet; Abacı, Ayhan; Gül, Ülkü; Acar, Sezer; Mengen, Eda; Yildiz, Melek; Ünal, Edip; Tarım, Ömer

doi:10.4274/jcrpe.0206

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Meanwhile, pharmacological causes include estrogen therapy and thyrotropin-releasing hormone [10,11]. Supportive examinations were carried out to establish the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia, including examination of the prolactin hormone, MRI examination, measurement of TSH hormone, measurement of creatinine urea level, and CT scan.…”

Section: Hyperprolactinemia Diagnosis Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Hyperprolactinemia In Suprasellar Meningioma

Nugraha¹,

Wiyasa²,

Wardhana³

et al. 2022

a-jhr

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Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is a condition in which abnormally elevated prolactin levels (normal prolactin levels are 10-28 g/L) is a common endocrine disorder. Establishing the diagnosis and etiology of hyperprolactinemia should include a thorough medical history and the use of drugs, physical examination, laboratory tests, analysis of the pituitary, and sella turcica features. Pituitary tumor imaging analysis using MRI remains the method of choice. The main goals of managing hyperprolactinemia are restoring and maintaining fertility function and preventing osteoporosis. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying etiology. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old woman complained that her right side of vision could not function properly, and her left side of vision began to blur, which started four years ago with irregular menstrual disorders, and milk came out of her breasts. On breast examination, Tanner 5 was found with galactorrhea and pubic hair Tanner stage 3. On Laboratory examination found FSH (5.50 mIU/mL), LH (1.7 mIU/mL) and prolactin (1125 IU/mL). The MRI examination showed an extra-axial solid mass, broad-based on the planum sphenoidal to the dorsum sellae, suggesting a meningioma; with compression of the optic chiasm, middle cerebral artery, and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, size 3.1 x 2.8 x 2.3 cm. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia with meningiomas is a unique case. First-line therapy for prolactinomas is dopamine agonist administration and, in this case, is followed by surgery, which showed significant results.

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Section: Hyperprolactinemia Diagnosis Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these characteristics and several comparative studies, cabergoline is considered superior to bromocriptine for treating hyperprolactinemia and is effective in many patients resistant to bromocriptine. Surgical intervention is also considered in some cases [16,17].…”

Section: Management Of Hyperprolactinemia In Meningiomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Hyperprolactinemia In Suprasellar Meningioma

Nugraha¹,

Wiyasa²,

Wardhana³

et al. 2022

a-jhr

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“…Молекула гормону PRL являє собою послідовність із 199 амінокислот, структура якої стабілізована трьома дисульфідними містками між цистеїновими залишками (Cys 4 -Cys 11 , Cys 58 -Cys 174 та Cys 191 -Cys 199 ). Розрізняють чотири ізоформи PRL: малий мономер PRL (23 кДа), який становить 80-90 % загальної кількості PRL; великий димер PRL, що становить 10 % загального пулу PRL (50 кДа), дуже великий тетрамер PRL або макропролактин (100 кДа), зазвичай зв'язаний з імуноглобуліном G, на частку якого припадає 1-5 % загального вмісту PRL, і глікозильований PRL (25 кДа).…”

Section: ген хімічна будова функції пролактину та контроль його секреціїunclassified

“…Класична функція пролактину пов'язана зі стимуляцією лактогенезу та галактопоезу [11], активним впливом на репродуктивну систему людини внаслідок пригнічення секреції гонадотропного рилізинг-фактора, фолікулостимулюючого, лютеїнізуючого гормону [19], зниження продукції статевих гормонів тощо (табл. 1).…”

Section: рисунок 1 фактори що беруть участь у регуляції продукції пролактину [13]unclassified

Etiopathogenetic features of hyperprolactinemia in childhood

Абатуров¹,

Nikulina²,

Русакова³

2022

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In recent years, the problem of hyperprolactinemia in children remains relevant because it is one of the most common pathologies of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, causing impaired fertility and reproductive function in adulthood. According to population studies, its incidence is 0.5 % in females, exceeding this figure in males by 10 times. Prolactin has: immunomodulatory effect, enhancing lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic capacity of macrophages, IgA synthesis; analgesic effect; promotes postnatal growth of the body by inducing the activity of genes associated with growth; activates the proliferation of keratinocytes, epithelial cells of the prostate; participates in the regulation of metabolism, water-electrolyte balance, inhibiting the excretion of potassium and sodium ions by the kidneys; influences human behavior by accelerating neurogenesis, memory, learning and providing neuroprotection; induces surfactant production; stimulates lipogenesis. Prolactin levels increase due to physiological hyperestrogenemia, which blocks the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin secretion and occurs during lactation, pregnancy and some other physiological states. Pathological hyperprolactinemia occurs in children with secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, organic lesions of the suprasellar area of the brain and may be secondary (symptomatic). In the etiological structure of hyperprolactinemia syndrome, the largest proportion (60 %) in children and adolescents belongs to prolactinomas (pituitary adenomas that secrete prolactin), idiopathic hyperprolactinemia (22.7 %) and iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia induced by 6 drugs (4 % of cases). Given that the lion’s share of hyperprolactinemia in childhood is associated with the presence of pituitary prolactinoma, characterized by latent gradual progression of reproductive disorders, growth processes and neurological symptoms, the objective of this article is to focus on the pleiotropic effects of prolactin in the body, which controls more than 300 biological functions, epidemiological, etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms, on the features of the clinical classification of hyperprolactinemia to form a modern understanding of this problem.

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Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development

Lee

2022

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Objectives Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the mammary glands development; however, it also inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. We evaluated the relationship between PRL levels and puberty in girls with precocious breast development. Methods This study included 244 girls with breast development < 8 years of age. Patients were categorized as central precocious puberty (CPP) [peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels ≥ 5 IU/L after GnRH stimulation] versus non-CPP (NPP) group. High PRL was defined as serum PRL > 17.9 ng/mL. Results High PRL was more common in NPP than in CPP group (17.6 vs. 8.1%, p=0.025), although mean PRL levels did not differ. In NPP group, the high PRL group had lower peak LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and later LH peak time after GnRH stimulation than normal PRL group (all p < 0.05). PRL levels of the subgroups according to the peak LH time (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after GnRH stimulation) were different in NPP group, but not in CPP group. PRL levels tended to be higher as the peak LH time was delayed. High PRL was associated with decreased odds for CPP (OR=0.42, p=0.043). Conclusions Girls with NPP showed higher proportion of high PRL than CPP group. High PRL group showed more features of prepubertal response in NPP group, and associated with decreased odds for CPP, suggesting the possibility of PRL role on breast development while suppressing hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis activation in NPP girls.

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Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Case Report: Hyperprolactinemia In Suprasellar Meningioma

Case Report: Hyperprolactinemia In Suprasellar Meningioma

Etiopathogenetic features of hyperprolactinemia in childhood

Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development

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