Clinical and pharmacological variables as a risk factor for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

Abstract

Background: Gingival enlargement is usually noted within one to two months after the initiation of nifedipine therapy. The aetiology of nifedipineinduced gingival overgrowth is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma and gingival crevice fluid (GCF) nifedipine concentrations and the degree of gingival overgrowth in patients treated with nifedipine, and also to assess the correlations between clinical and pharmacological variables. Methods: Eighteen patients taking nifedipine in regular doses for at least six months participated in the study. Gingival enlargement was evaluated with two indices to score vertical and horizontal overgrowth. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were also evaluated.GCF and plasma nifedipine concentrations were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders for PI, GI and GBTI. The mean concentration of nifedipine in GCF was significantly greater than concentration in plasma. No significant difference was observed for GCF and plasma nifedipine concentration between responders and non-responders. Conclusions: The present study showed that neither GCF nor plasma nifedipine levels appeared to be a risk factor for nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Improving the oral hygiene in patients using nifedipine may help control the degree of druginduced gingival enlargement.

Clinical Assessment of Nifedipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth in a Group of Brazilian Patients

“…Gingival inflammation is considered an important risk factor in the expression of GO correlated to nifedipine use [8]. The GI observed in the present study showed results similar to those reported by Barclay et al [5], King et al [9], Güncü et al [21], and Miranda et al [23]. PB results were similar to those reported by Tavassoli et al [17], whereas Margiotta et al [20] did not detect a correlation between PB and GO.…”

“…However, the Spearman test did not reveal a correlation between patients gender and the occurrence of GO, in agreement with data reported by King et al [9], Margiotta et al [20], and Güncü et al [21]. According to Seymour et al [8], there are evidences that male patients under treatment with nifedipine and cyclosporine are more prone to a greater prevalence and severity of GO than female patients [9, 20].…”

Effect of calcium channel blockers on gingival tissues in hypertensive patients in Lagos, Nigeria: A pilot study

“…Different prevalence rates (20% to 50%) have been reported for GO induced by CCB[ 5 6 7 ] for nifedipine-induced GO, while a prevalence rate of 3.3%[ 8 ] was reported for amlodipine-induced GO. These, however, represent Caucasians’ values.…”

Effect of nifedipine on the expression of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor in cocultured/monocultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes

“…A stock solution of nifedipine, of 10 mg/mL, was prepared by dissolving 1 mg of nifedipine (Sigma‐Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) in 100 μL of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA). Taking into account the nifedipine concentrations in the plasma and in the gingival crevicular fluid , we chose two concentrations of nifedipine – 0.2 and 20 μg/mL – for use in this study. The final concentration of solvent in the medium was 0.2% (volume by volume).…”