Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite Powder in Combination with Polylactic Acid/Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer as Bone Replacement Graft in the Surgical Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects: A Retrospective Case Series Study

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of nanohydroxyapatite powder (NHA) in combination with polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) as a bone replacement graft in the surgical treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Medical charts were screened following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal parameters and periapical radiographs taken before surgery and at 12-month follow-up were collected. Intra-group comparisons were performed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Twenty-five patients (13 males, 12 females, mean age 55.1 ± 10.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Mean probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at baseline were 8.32 ± 1.41 mm and 9.96 ± 1.69 mm, respectively. Twelve months after surgery, mean PD was 4.04 ± 0.84 mm and CAL was 6.24 ± 1.71 mm. Both PD and CAL variations gave statistically significant results (p < 0.00001). The mean radiographic defect depth was 5.54 ± 1.55 mm and 1.48 ± 1.38 mm at baseline and at 12-month follow-up, respectively (p < 0.0001). This case series, with the limitations inherent in the study design, showed that the combination of NHA and PLGA, used as bone replacement graft in intrabony periodontal defects, may give significant improvements of periodontal parameters at 12-month follow-up.

Polymer-Based Bone Substitutes in Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Systematic Evaluation of Clinical Studies

“…The articles were reviewed by title and abstract; eight articles were identified for full-text analyses. Of these, five articles met the inclusion criteria [12][13][14][15][16]. Reasons of the exclusion [17][18][19] are shown in Figure 1.…”

“…From the retrieved articles, five studies met the inclusion criteria and were published between 1990 and 2019. Regarding the type of article, four articles are prospective clinical studies [12][13][14][15] and one articles is a retrospective case study [16]. The studies were conducted in USA [12,13,16] and India [14,15].…”

Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Focus on Italian Research in the Field

“…Even if exceeding the aim of this review, it is worth to highlight these polymers have been extensively studied for bone regeneration purposes, due to their suitable mechanical properties and the ability to modulate them depending to their blending and copolymerization [201,206,[225][226][227][228]. Bone tissue can undergo serious degenerative problems, i.e., due to accidental nonunion fractures or pathologies such as bone tumors.…”

Advances in Clinical and Molecular Research of Biomaterials in Dentistry: The New Era for Dental Applications

“…In this regard, osteoinductive or conductive biomolecules have been shown to be essential in the main and early differentiation mechanisms of mesenteric cells into mature and functional bone cells, accelerating the mechanisms of osteogenesis and osseointegration. Specifically, the mechanisms of osteoinductivity and conductivity have been demonstrated when the biomaterial used has the ability to mimic as much as possible the extracellular matrix (ECM) and biomimicry of bone tissue, an essential factor in the success of implantology and dentistry [ 19 , 20 ].…”