Clinical and Serological Analysis of Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis

Alter, H. J.; Holland, P. V.; Morrow, AndrewG.; Purcell, R H; Feinstone, S. M.; Moritsugu, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90234-2

Cited by 335 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Blood-borne infections discussed here have different patterns of evolution. While all HIV-infected individuals are expected to get AIDS at some point during their lives (68), 50 of those infected with HBV and 30 to 38% of those infected with HCV will get posttransfusional hepatitis (4). On the other hand, 20 to 30% of those infected with T. cruzi will get Chagas' disease (86,122,127).…”

Section: Costs Of Preventing Infections In Selected Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

2005

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Appropriate selection of donors, use of sensitive screening tests, and the application of a mandatory quality assurance system are essential to maintain the safety of the blood supply. Laws, decrees, norms, and/or regulations covering most of these aspects of blood transfusion exist in 16 of the 17 countries in Latin America that are the subject of this review. In 17 countries, there is an information system that, although still incomplete (there are no official reports on adverse events and incidents), allows us to establish progress made on the status of the blood supply since 1993. Most advances originated in increased screening coverage for infectious diseases and better quality assurance. However, in 2001 to 2002, tainted blood may have caused infections in 12 of the 17 countries; no country reached the number of donors considered adequate, i.e., 5% of the population, to avoid blood shortages, or decreased significantly the number of blood banks, although larger blood banks are more efficient and take advantage of economies of scale. In those years, paid donors still existed in four countries and replacement donors made up >75% of the blood donors in another eight countries. In addition, countries did not report the number of voluntary donors who were repeat donors, i.e., the healthiest category. In spite of progress made, more improvements are needed

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Section: Costs Of Preventing Infections In Selected Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

2005

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“…More than 90% of transfusion-associated hepatitis cases in the world are caused neither by hepatitis A nor hepatitis B viruses (1)(2)(3)(4). After a long and extensive search for the etiological agent(s) for non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH), a cDNA clone expressing a protein which specifically reacts with sera from chronically infected NANBH patients was obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Among Healthy Blood Donors and Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Patients in Thailand

Boonmar¹,

Pojanagaroon²,

Watanabe³

et al. 1990

JJMSB

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SUMMARY:With the antigen expressed in yeast from a cDNA clone encoding a non-structural region of newly discovered hepatitic C virus (HCV) genome, the prevalence of HCV antibody in people in Thailand was investigated. Antibody was detected in 2.6% of healthy blood donors and in 2.8% of healthy pregnant women. These prevalence rates were higher than those reported previously from Japan, USA and European countries. Among community-acquired, sporadic cases of acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, however, only 5.7% and 15.4% were shown to possess the antibody, respectively. Among hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were negative for hepatitis B surface antigen in the sera, 11.1% had antibody to HCV. These seroepidemiological data suggest that HCV plays an important role as an etiological agent in Thailand; however, other agents must also be involved in etiologic agents of viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease.

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“…The value of 90 IU/L, consistent with other studies of transfusion-associated hepatitis at that time, [15][16][17] was chosen to avoid overcalling the lesser elevations sometimes seen in the early post-transfusion interval. Excluding the 138 recipients intensively screened for the present study and an additional 10 persons with HBV infection alone, 1,385 persons remained without evidence for HCV, HBV, or HAV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Host Factors in Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection *

et al. 2005

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Since 1980, the Transfusion-transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS) (1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)) has continued to maintain its computerized database and stored sera to enable ongoing study of new transfusion events since the 1970s. Most recently, we have used this resource to study parameters of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 94 donor-recipient pairs in which there was transmission. In addition, frequent recipient observations permitted further characterization of the early phase of the infection's course. Donor RNA load ranged from 3.7 to 3,160,000 IU/mL. Onset of recipient viremia was judged from a total of 67 sera collected during the 4th through 8th days posttransfusion; only 2 of the 67 sera were still RNA nonreactive by that time. The recipients' latent periods to an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation of >90 IU/L ranged from 6 to 112 days (median, 46 days) and was shorter with higher donor RNA levels. Descriptors of the recipient's illness showed several strongly positive and negative correlations. The latent period tended to be shorter in the 37% of cases that were clinically overt. Attributes of donors with genotypes 1 and non-1 and subtypes 1a and 1b did not differ significantly. Recipients with genotype 1 strains had shorter latent intervals than non-1 strains. On multivariate analysis, latent period was significantly associated (negatively) only with the highest ALT level during the first 120 days of follow-up (P ‫؍‬ .014). In conclusion, host factors are more important determinants of acute HCV infection dynamics than virus-associated factors. ( I n the past, the most clearly defined cases for study of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection resulted from blood-borne transfusion transmission in populations followed prospectively. This approach identified not only overt cases but also the more numerous subclinical infections. In the last decade, however, screening of blood donors for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and then hepatitis C viremia has almost eliminated this route of infection. 1 Fortunately, databases and specimens for several past groups of prospectively followed transfusion recipients are still available. 2 One of these is the Transfusion-transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS), from which it is still possible to obtain new information about HCV infections as increasingly informative laboratory assays have been developed. [3][4][5][6][7] We have identified and further characterized 94 acute transfusion-transmitted HCV cases in which an anti-HCV-negative recipient was infected by a single seropositive donor. We have examined the idea that there could be correlations between donor and recipient parameters, reflecting the replicative capacity or pathogenetic potential of the strain shared between donor and recipient. We have also attempted a thorough description of recipient events during the first 4 months of the infection. Patients and MethodsPopulation. Many details of TTVS have been previously reported. [8][9][10] Briefly, from July 1974 through Octo-

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Clinical and Serological Analysis of Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis

Cited by 335 publications

References 25 publications

Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Among Healthy Blood Donors and Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Patients in Thailand

Viral and Host Factors in Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection *

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