“…Taking TAO cases as an example, these patients represent the vast majority of AICLI patients and can be treated by many methods, including surgical bypass, endarterectomy, embolectomy, sympathectomy, superficial vein arterialization, PTA, thrombolysis, and stenting; however, none of these methods provide ideal midâ to longâterm efficacy. Without cell therapy, the major amputation rate of TAO patients, including CLI and claudicants, has been reported to be as high as 12%â31% 20, 21, 22. Ohta et al observed that 118 TAO patients presented a total major amputation rate of 19%; moreover, this study revealed that the primary patency rates of the surgical bypass subgroup were 41% (1 year), 32% (5 years), and 30% (10 years), respectively, and the secondary patency rates of this group were 54% (1 year), 47% (5 years), and 39% (10 years), respectively.…”