Clinical and ultrasonographic observations of functional and mechanical intestinal obstruction in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

Aim:This study was designed for clinical and laboratory evaluation of intestinal obstruction (IO) in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with special emphasis on the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic findings.Materials and Methods:A total number of 30 buffaloes were included in the study and divided into 2 groups: Healthy (n=10) and diseased group (n=20). Diseased buffaloes were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Assiut University, Egypt, with a history of anorexia, abdominal pain, various degrees of abdominal distention, and absence or presence of scanty mucoid faces. These animals were subjected to clinical and ultrasonographic as well as laboratory examinations.Results:Based on ultrasonographic findings, various forms of IO were diagnosed. Functional obstruction, paralytic ileus, was diagnosed in 17 cases (85%) while mechanical IO was diagnosed only in 3 cases (15%). Out of 17 cases of paralytic ileus, both proximal and distal ileuses were successfully imaged in 8 and 9 cases, respectively. Proximal ileus was imaged from the right dorsal flank region as a single dilated loop of diameter >6 cm, while distal ileus was imaged as multiple dilated loops of diameter <6 cm. Mechanical obstruction due to duodenal intussusception was visualized as two concentric rings with outer echogenic wall and hypoechoic lumen. All cases of IO showed leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase.Conclusion:Ultrasonography proved to be an essential tool for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various forms of IO in buffaloes.

Differential diagnosis and surgical management of cecal dilatation vis-a-vis cecal impaction in bovine

“…Khalphallah et al . [ 1 ] stated that buffaloes aged 3-7 years had the highest frequency of cecal dilatation. Complete anorexia and reduced water intake in animals suffering from cecal affections may occur due to sudden changes in feeding, swallowing of indigestible foreign bodies, and changes in rumen microflora with prolonged and excess use of antibiotic [ 7 ].…”

“…Cecal dilatation is a common and economically important abdominal disorder that affects mainly dairy animals, but the pathogenesis of the diseases remains poorly understood. The cecum may become abnormally dilated with gas or distended with ingesta and associated with partial or complete cessation of the passage of intestinal contents which further leads to complete absence of defecation [ 1 ].…”

Avaliação da bioquímica sanguínea de vacas leiteiras acometidas por desordens digestivas de natureza mecânica

“…Entretanto, valores elevados desse metabólito são relatados em bovinos e bubalinos acometidos por diversos transtornos digestivos (Ashcroft 1983, Garry et al 1988, Braun et al 1990Uppal 2007, Afonso et al 2008, Hussain et al 2014. Por outro lado, Khalphallah et al (2016) e Singh et al (2018) detectaram níveis de PT inferiores aos da faixa de normalidade em bovinos e bubalinos com obstrução intestinal e compactação de ceco, que atribuíram à redução de ingestão alimentar devido às doenças. Tais diferenças provavelmente se devam as diferentes condições clínicas verificadas nos animais acometidos por essas enfermidades.…”

“…Atividade sérica de AST condizente com a registrada no atual trabalho foi reportada em bovinos acometidos com compactação de rúmen e abomaso (Helayel et al 2012). Todavia, atividade sérica elevada dessa enzima tem sido reportada em bovinos e bubalinos com enfermidades digestivas relacionando-a a dano hepático (Braun et al 1990, Hussain et al 2014, Khalphallah et al 2016, Gomez et al 2017.…”

“…Para o diagnóstico dessas enfermidades além do exame clínico, a utilização de ferramentas complementares, como os exames laboratoriais e métodos de diagnósticos por imagem, são de valiosa aplicabilidade junto ao diagnóstico dos transtornos digestivos (COCKCROFT; JACKSON, 2004;FIGUEIREDO et al, 2006;THARWAT, 2011;NORO et al, 2013;KHALPHALLAH et al, 2016). Nesse contexto, a análise de indicadores bioquímicos que reflitam o status das principais vias metabólicas em bovinos acometidos por diferentes desordens digestivas é de grande utilidade, uma vez que permitem informações aplicáveis ao diagnóstico, à terapêutica e à prevenção dessas enfermidades (NAGARAJA;LECHTENBERG, 2007;ENEMARK, 2008;CHAPINAL et al, 2011).…”