Clinical and urodynamic studies in 100 elderly incontinent patients.

Castleden, C. M.; Duffin, H. M.; Asher, M. J. C.

doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6270.1103

Cited by 120 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…First of all they are more impaired cognitively, both in relation to their long-term and short-term memory. The disagreement between this finding and that reported elsewhere [7] can be explained by the fact that cognitive impair ment was not the entry criterion in the study by Castleden ct al. [7], hence about half of its subjects reached the maximum mental test score of 10.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Castleden et al [7] have reported no correlation between mental test scores and urodynamic measurements in patients with unstable bladders and concluded that in most elderly patients urinary incontinence is not associated with cerebral disease. These nega tive results, however, might be explained by the relative insensitivity of the cognitive scale utilized and by the type of population sampled by these workers [14], In addition, there is the finding that incontinence may fol low age-related neurogenic damage to the sphincters [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Berrios¹

1986

Gerontology

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Thirty-five percent of a sample of 100 elderly patients suffering from a degree of cognitive impairment were found to have urinary incontinence. They were significantly older, had lower memory and information scores and were more disorientated, hyperactive, aphasic, apraxic and socially incompetent than their continent counterparts. Their diagnosis was more likely to be a combination of senile and arteriosclerotic dementia (ICD-9); they suffered less often from concomitant functional psychiatric disease and showed a higher mortality rate (at 18 months’ follow-up) than the patients without incontinence.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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confidence: 99%

Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Berrios¹

1986

Gerontology

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“…To assess the aging changes in the urinary bladder in humans, invasive procedures, such as catheterization, cystoscopy or biopsies are required, which may carry a risk for the patient. Moreover, it is difficult to precisely discriminate between dysfunctions belonging to pathology from those related to aging (Castleden et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in the Urinary Bladder of the Female Albino Rats

Al-Motabagani

2005

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:Disturbances of the urinary bladder functions are common in the elderly people particularly women. So, it was the aim of the present work to detect the age-associated changes in the urinary bladder that might play a role in the bladder dysfunctions. Twenty albino rats were used in the present work. They were divided into two equal groups, each consisted of ten rats. The first group included the adult rats (aged 3 months) and served as control group, while the second group was the senile rats (aged 24 months). Specimens of the urinary bladder were taken, processed and examined using the light microscope (LM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM).Light microscopic examination of the urinary bladder of the aged rats showed marked mucosal damage, ranging from degeneration of the epithelial cells to complete denudation of the mucosa with exposed lamina propria. Cellular infiltration and increased dilated and congested blood vessels of the lamina propria were also encountered. The smooth muscle cells of the muscularis showed variable degrees of degeneration with wide separation of the muscle bundles. Massive increase in collagen fibres deposition was detected in the lamina propria, muscle layer and adventitia. SEM examination revealed loss of the polygonal cell pattern appearance of the superficial epithelial cells and an increase in the collagen fibres in all the portions of the mucosa, It was concluded that the observed age-related changes might be contributing factors in the urinary bladder disturbances in elderly population. KEY WORDS: Urothelium; Urinary mucosa; Urinary muscularis; Bladder dysfunction.Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. 310 considered as a control, while the second group constituted the senile rats (aged 24 months). The animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The anterior abdominal wall was opened and the urinary bladder was excised.Light microscopic study. Immediately following excision, the urinary bladder was fixed in 10% formal saline solution. Specimens from the anterior wall of the bladder were processed for paraffin blocks and sectioned at a thickness of 7µm. These sections were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stain (Drury & Wallington, 1983).Scanning electron microscopic study. Strips of 3 -5 mm from the anterior wall of the urinary bladder were immediately fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for 24 h; fixation and washing were carried out at 4ºC. The tissues were then dehydrated through ascending grades of ethanol and substituted with isomylacetate. The pieces of the urinary bladder were dried at critical point using liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The tissue specimens were mounted on stubs with aluminum conducting tape and sputter coated with 20 nm layer of gold in JFC ion. The specimens were examined and photographed with XL 30 scanning electron microscope (Philips) operated at 30 KV (Robinson et al., 1987). RESULTSGroup I (Adult female rats; con...

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“…With continued therapeutic advances, such misdiagnoses will assume increased importance. Our findings may also partially explain the often-reported discrepancy between symptoms and urodynamic diagnosis [Resnick, 19901. In retrospect, studies that evaluated older individuals and disregarded low-pressure involuntary detrusor contractions [Hilton and Stanton, 1981;Castleden et al, 1981;Eastwood and Warrell, 1984;Ouslander et al, 1987Ouslander et al, , 1989Lord and Eastwood, 19941 may have misclassified a substantial proportion of patients with DHIC. Similarly, "abnormal" urethral function in many older women may actually reflect physiologic decreases in sphincter pressure due to low-pressure involuntary contraction of DHIC rather than ' 'urethral instability" or intrinsic sphincter deficiency [McGuire, 19881.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Misdiagnosis of urinary incontinence in nursing home women: Prevalence and a proposed solution

et al. 1996

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Clinical and urodynamic studies in 100 elderly incontinent patients.

Abstract: Clinical details were noted and urodynamic studies carried out on 100 elderly patients referred to an incontinence clinic, of whom 48 attended as day patients.

Cited by 120 publications

References 13 publications

Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Urinary Incontinence and the Psychopathology of the Elderly with Cognitive Failure

Age-Related Changes in the Urinary Bladder of the Female Albino Rats

Misdiagnosis of urinary incontinence in nursing home women: Prevalence and a proposed solution

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