Clinical and virological characteristics of hepatitis B or C virus co‐infection with HIV in Indonesian patients

Anggorowati, Nungki; Yano, Yoshihiko; Heriyanto, Didik Setyo; Rinonce, Hanggoro Tri; Utsumi, Takako; Mulya, Deshinta Putri; Subronto, Yanri Wijayanti; Hayashi, Yoshitake

doi:10.1002/jmv.23293

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In contrast to these reports, we observed a low prevalence of HCV and GBV-C infection among CSWs in Surabaya (Table 3). This discrepancy may be because most CSWs involved in this study were not IDUs (Table 1), whereas 44.4–62.7% of HIV-infected individuals involved in previous studies were IDUs [27], [28]. Our and previous results were consistent with reports that HCV and GBV-C mainly transmit through the sharing of needles and syringes, rather than through sexual contact [33], [34], [35], [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…We consider that such a high prevalence of anti-HBc Ab might be due to the low awareness of STDs and the high-risk behavior of CSWs for HBV infection, such as an unprotected sex with clients. In addition, previous reports showed that the prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc Ab were 3.2–15.3% and 30.2% among HIV-infected individuals in Indonesia, respectively [27], [28]. Our results revealed no HIV/HBV co-infection (anti-HIV Ab and HBsAg double positive), in spite of the high prevalence of anti-HBc Ab among CSWs (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…In addition, the prevalence rates of HCV and GBV-C infection were 34.1% and 88.8% among HIV-infected individuals in Yogyakarta, respectively [28], [33], whereas that of HCV infection was 46.6% among HIV-infected individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia (Utsumi et al, unpublished data). In contrast to these reports, we observed a low prevalence of HCV and GBV-C infection among CSWs in Surabaya (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Viruses among Female Commercial Sex Workers Residing in Surabaya, Indonesia

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cause serious health problems and have an impact on the Indonesian economy. In addition, the rapid epidemic growth of HIV is continuing in Indonesia. Commercial sex plays a significant role in the spread of HIV; therefore, in order to reveal the current HIV prevalence rate among commercial sex workers (CSWs), we conducted an epidemiological study on HIV infection among CSWs residing in Surabaya, the capital of East Java province of Indonesia with large communities of CSWs.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe prevalence of HIV infection among 200 CSWs was studied. In addition, the subtype of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and the prevalence of other blood-borne viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GB virus C (GBV-C), were studied. The prevalence rates of HIV, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV antibodies and anti-GBV-C antibodies were 11%, 64%, 4%, 0.5% and 0% among CSWs involved in this study, respectively. HIV-1 CRF01_AE viral gene fragments were detected in most HIV-positive samples. In addition, most CSWs showed low awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and had unprotected sex with their clients.Conclusions/SignificanceThe HIV prevalence rate among CSWs was significantly higher than that among the general population in Indonesia (0.2–0.4%). In addition, CSWs were at a high risk of exposure to HBV, although chronic HBV infection was less frequently established. Our results suggest the necessity of efficient prevention programs for HIV and other blood-borne viral infections among CSWs in Surabaya, Indonesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Viruses among Female Commercial Sex Workers Residing in Surabaya, Indonesia

et al. 2013

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“…The double infection is rather frequent, due to common routes of transmission [2,35-37], and liver disease is the second leading cause of death in patients infected by HIV [38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV core antigen and HCV-RNA in HIV/HCV co-infected patients with different HCV genotypes

Garbuglia

Monachetti

Galli³

et al. 2014

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundA good correlation between HCV core antigen (HCVAg) and different HCV-RNA assays has been described, but little data are available in HCV/HIV co-infection. We aimed to evaluate HCVAg in comparison with HCV-RNA and to determine their kinetics during antiviral treatment in selected HCV/HIV co-infected patients.Methods355 samples from 286 HCV/HIV co-infected subjects for whom HCV-RNA (Abbott RealTime) was requested were analysed also for HCVAg (Abbott ARCHITECT) in order to evaluate the correlation between the two parameters both in patients treated or untreated for chronic hepatitis C and according to different HCV genotypes. The differences between percentages were evaluated by chi square or Fisher’s exact test, while mean and median values were compared by Student’s t test or the Mann–Whitney test, respectively. All differences were considered significant for a p value <0.05.ResultsHCVAg was detectable on 288/315 sera (91.4%) positive for HCV-RNA and in 5 out of40 (12.5%) sera with undetectable HCV-RNA for a total concordance of 90.1%. The correlation was fair both in untreated (r = 0.742) and in treated (r = 0.881) patients and stronger for genotypes 1 and 4 than for genotype 3. Both HCV-RNA and HCVAg levels were significantly higher (p = 0.028 and p = 0.0098, respectively) in patients infected by genotype 1 than by genotype 3. The mean ratio of Log values between HCV-RNA (IU/mL) and HCVAg (fmol/liter) was 2.27 ± 1.09 in untreated and 2.20 ± 0.82 in treated patients (p = n.s.),consistent with a sensitivity of HCVAg corresponding to about 1,000 IU/mL of HCV-RNA, and ranged from 2.21 to 2.32 among HCV genotypes with no significant differences; five samples (1.4%; 2 genotype 1a or 1c, 3 genotype 3a) showed highly divergent values. The analysis of 18 monitoring profiles from patients treated with PEG-IFN and Ribavirin showed similar trends, except in one case in which relapse could be predicted by HCVAg and not by HCV-RNA.ConclusionThese results suggest that HCVAg represents an adequate tool for determining an ongoing HCV infection also in HIV co-infected patients, with lower costs and faster turnaround time than HCV-RNA.

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“…Indonesia is a multiethnic country with as many as 24 HBV subgenotypes, of which HBV subgenotype B3 (HBV/B3) is dominant [Nurainy et al, ; Mulyanto et al, ; Utsumi et al, ]. At least 15 subgenotypes of HCV have been identified throughout Indonesia, of which HCV/1b is the most prevalent [Hotta et al, ; Widjaja et al, ; Soetjipto et al, ; Tokita et al, ; Inoue et al, ; Utama et al, ; Anggorowati et al, ]. Nevertheless, few data exist for hemodialysis patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in yogyakarta, Indonesia: Prevalence and molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission

Rinonce

Yano

Utsumi

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the prevalence of hepatitis viral infection and its genotype distribution among hemodialysis patients in Indonesia are unclear. In order to investigate these issues and the possibility of nosocomial transmission, 161 hemodialysis patients and 35 staff members at one of the hemodialysis unit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested for serological and virological markers of both viruses. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 18 patients (11.2%) and in two staff members (5.7%). Anti-HCV was detected in 130 patients (80.7%) but not in any staff members. Occult HBV and HCV infection were detected in 21 (14.7%) and 4 (12.9%) patients, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infection among patients were 24.2% and 83.2%, respectively. HCV infection was independently associated with hemodialysis duration and the number of blood transfusions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 23 of 39 tested HBV strains (59%) were genotype B, 11 (28.2%) were genotype C, and 5 (12.8%) were genotype A. HCV genotype 1a was dominant (95%) among 100 tested HCV strains. Nosocomial transmission was suspected because the genotype distribution differed from that of the general population in Indonesia, and because the viral genomes of several strains were identical. These findings suggest that HBV and HCV infection is common among hemodialysis patients in Yogyakarta, and probably occurs through nosocomial infection. Implementation of strict infection-control programs is necessary in hemodialysis units in Indonesia.

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Clinical and virological characteristics of hepatitis B or C virus co‐infection with HIV in Indonesian patients

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

High Prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Viruses among Female Commercial Sex Workers Residing in Surabaya, Indonesia

High Prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Viruses among Female Commercial Sex Workers Residing in Surabaya, Indonesia

HCV core antigen and HCV-RNA in HIV/HCV co-infected patients with different HCV genotypes

Hepatitis B and C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in yogyakarta, Indonesia: Prevalence and molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission

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