Clinical application of a rapid antigen test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients evaluated in the emergency department: A preliminary report.

Turcato, Gianni; Zaboli, Arian; Pfeifer, Norbert; Ciccariello, Laura; Sibilio, Serena; Tezza, Giovanna; Ausserhofer, Dietmar

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.12.012

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another observation concern the fact that the hospitalized patients peak was only 7 days after the TPR peak, possibly this depends from the fact that Alto Adige started to use antigen tests before the 6th of November, but these tests were not reported in official data. This hypothesis is confirmed by this study [7] which uses antigen tests, it was done in Alto Adige in the summer. In the last week of December an additional information was added to the provincia of Bolzano reports: the number of positive antigen tests.…”

Section: The Mass Screening Campaign Of Alto Adige Regionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Given that we assumed that positive antigen tests are in general confirmed by molecular ones, false positives do not pose a significant problem for the model. Although, the false negatives percentages reported in the literature for novel antigen tests are not high [3,4,5], some scientists still doubt about their sensitivity in specific situations, for example with asymptomatic individuals [7], albeit the presented results are about salivary tests [6] not NS. However, the results of these studies strongly depend on the tests used, and actually there are many different tests around, see for example [2,26].…”

Section: The Impact Of Antigen Tests On the Tpr Indexmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Given that in general P T >P A , see for example the results presented here [7], the computed number of repeated tests Pr can be considered a reasonable upper bound for the estimation. However, if more data will be made available to estimate the difference between the two percentages P T =ψ*P A , a more accurate definition of Pr would be possible:…”

Section: Extending Tpr With Antigen Tests Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

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COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate as a marker for hospital overload

Gáspari

2021

Preprint

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The use of antigen tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in Italy has risen sharply in autumn 2020. Although, Italian regions like Alto Adige, Veneto, Toscana, Lazio, Piemonte and Marche did a large use of these tests for screening and surveillance purposes or for implementing diagnosis protocols, in addition to molecular tests, they were not reported in the statistics in the last months of 2020. As a consequence of this situation the test positivity rate (TPR) index, defined as the number of new positive cases divided by the number of tests, has lost in accuracy. Only in the recent days, starting from the 15th of January 2021, antigen tests have become part of the statistics for all the Italian regions. Despite the lack of data, we have noticed that TPR has a strong correlation with the number of patients admitted in hospitals, and that TPR peaks in general precede the peaks of hospitalized people which occur on average about 15 days later.In this paper, we have deepened this intuition, analysing the TPR course and its relationship with the number of hospitalized people. To conduct the study we have defined a novel version of the TPR index which takes into account the number of tests done with respect to the population (considering both molecular and antigen tests), the number of infected individuals, and the number of patients healed. Successively, starting from a limited set of data which were made available in November 2020, we have reconstructed the antigen tests time series of four Italian regions, and we computed the TPR index for them.The results show that TPR peaks precede peaks of hospitalized people in both the first and the second phases of the pandemic in Italy, provided that antigen tests are considered. Moreover, the TPR index trend, can be used to deduct important information on the course of the epidemic, and on the impact of COVID-19 in the health care system, which can be monitored in advance.

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Section: The Mass Screening Campaign Of Alto Adige Regionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Impact Of Antigen Tests On the Tpr Indexmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Extending Tpr With Antigen Tests Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

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COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate as a marker for hospital overload

Gáspari

2021

Preprint

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“…This equation is obtained assuming that the positivity rates for antigen tests and molecular tests are the same, and, thus,

. Using this approach, the computed

can be considered an upper bound because the molecular tests positivity rate is generally greater then the one related to antigen tests, which are mainly used for screening purposes; see, for example, Reference [ 27 ].…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Capacity of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate

Fenga

Gáspari

2021

Sensors

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COVID-19 infections can spread silently, due to the simultaneous presence of significant numbers of both critical and asymptomatic to mild cases. While, for the former reliable data are available (in the form of number of hospitalization and/or beds in intensive care units), this is not the case of the latter. Hence, analytical tools designed to generate reliable forecast and future scenarios, should be implemented to help decision-makers to plan ahead (e.g., medical structures and equipment). Previous work of one of the authors shows that an alternative formulation of the Test Positivity Rate (TPR), i.e., the proportion of the number of persons tested positive in a given day, exhibits a strong correlation with the number of patients admitted in hospitals and intensive care units. In this paper, we investigate the lagged correlation structure between the newly defined TPR and the hospitalized people time series, exploiting a rigorous statistical model, the Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARIMA). The rigorous analytical framework chosen, i.e., the stochastic processes theory, allowed for a reliable forecasting about 12 days ahead of those quantities. The proposed approach would also allow decision-makers to forecast the number of beds in hospitals and intensive care units needed 12 days ahead. The obtained results show that a standardized TPR index is a valuable metric to monitor the growth of the COVID-19 epidemic. The index can be computed on daily basis and it is probably one of the best forecasting tools available today for predicting hospital and intensive care units overload, being an optimal compromise between simplicity of calculation and accuracy.

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“…Although rapid antigen tests have the advantages of lower cost, short turn-around time, and lack of requirement for professional skill or instruments, their sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus is low compared to RT-PCR, especially for clinical specimens with low viral loads. 2 3 4 5 Several rapid antigen tests are currently available in clinical practice. Among these, the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor, Inc., Suwon, Korea) employs a lateral flow assay in a cassette-based format with a visual read-out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Application of the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jeong

Chang

et al. 2021

J Korean Med Sci

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We evaluated the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag test for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. We applied both tests to patients who were about to be hospitalized, had visited an emergency room, or had been admitted due to COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained; one was tested by RT-PCR and the other by the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag test. A total of 118 pairs of tests from 98 patients were performed between January 5 and 11, 2021. The overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag test compared to RT-PCR were 17.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8–32.0%) and 100% (95% CI, 95.3–100.0%). Analysis of the results using RT-PCR cycle thresholds of ≤ 30 or ≤ 25 increased the sensitivity to 26.9% (95% CI, 13.7–46.1%), and 41.1% (95% CI, 21.6–64.0%), respectively.

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Clinical application of a rapid antigen test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients evaluated in the emergency department: A preliminary report.

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate as a marker for hospital overload

COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate as a marker for hospital overload

Predictive Capacity of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate

Clinical Application of the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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