Clinical application of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in women

Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a peptide growth factor of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. Regarding assisted reproductive technology, AMH has been efficiently used as a marker to predict ovarian response to stimulation. The clinical use of AMH has recently been extended and emphasized. The uses of AMH as a predictive marker of menopause onset, diagnostic tool for polycystic ovary syndrome, and assessment of ovarian function before and after gynecologic surgeries or gonadotoxic agents such as chemotherapy have been investigated. Serum AMH levels can also be affected by environmental and genetic factors; thus, the effects of factors that may alter AMH test results should be considered. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies focusing on the clinical application of AMH and factors that influence the AMH level and opinions on the use of the AMH level to assess the probability of conception before reproductive life planning as a "fertility test. "

Cross-sectional and prospective study on anti-Müllerian hormone changes in a cohort of pre-menopausal women with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer

“…AMH is a marker of gonadal reserve [10,11]. In premenopausal females, the population of ovarian follicles of 5-8 mm diameter produces most of the circulating AMH [10].…”

“…In premenopausal females, the population of ovarian follicles of 5-8 mm diameter produces most of the circulating AMH [10]. Unlike other markers of ovarian reserve, such as FSH and inhibin B, AMH has little intra-cycle and inter-cycle variability, which makes it an easier marker to use in evaluating ovarian reserve [11]. As AMH shows a gradual age-related decline, age-specific ranges are required for its evaluation; after menopause, AMH is undetectable [11][12][13].…”

“…Unlike other markers of ovarian reserve, such as FSH and inhibin B, AMH has little intra-cycle and inter-cycle variability, which makes it an easier marker to use in evaluating ovarian reserve [11]. As AMH shows a gradual age-related decline, age-specific ranges are required for its evaluation; after menopause, AMH is undetectable [11][12][13]. In the present study, we collected samples from a large group of control females without thyroid pathology, in order to obtain agespecific AMH ranges.…”

“…AMH shows a longitudinal decline over time, after peaking in the midtwenties, and reflects the age-related decline of the ovarian follicle pool better than other ovarian reserve markers [12,13]. AMH predicts the ovarian response during medically assisted pregnancy, the timing of menopause, and iatrogenic damage to the ovarian follicle reserve [11]. To our knowledge, only 4 papers on AMH in DTC females have so far been published.…”

“…The measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which is produced and secreted by ovarian granulosa cells, reflects the pool of small growing follicles and is an index of the "ovarian reserve" [10,11]. AMH shows a longitudinal decline over time, after peaking in the midtwenties, and reflects the age-related decline of the ovarian follicle pool better than other ovarian reserve markers [12,13].…”