Clinical applications of high-density surface EMG: A systematic review

Drost, Gea; Stegeman, Dick F.; Engelen, B.G.M. van; Zwarts, Machiel J.

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.09.005

Cited by 257 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The theoretical ideal obtained from the linear array recordings sets the upper limit to the density of scalp electrodes as 6-10 mm spacing, but this raises practical challenges in devising appropriate and practical electrode caps. Approaches could include the use of dry electrodes (Toyama et al, 2012), if their mechanical stability can be improved, or a modification of dense EMG arrays (Drost et al, 2006), if they can be developed to establish firm contact with the spherical-shaped baby scalp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

et al. 2013

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TitleSpatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes There is an increasing demand for source analysis of neonatal EEG, but currently there is inadequate knowledge about i) the spatial patterning of neonatal scalp EEG and hence ii) the number of electrodes needed to capture neonatal EEG in full spatial detail. This study addresses these issues by using a very high density (2.5 mm interelectrode spacing) linear electrode array to assess the spatial power spectrum, by using a high density (64 electrodes) EEG cap to assess the spatial extent of the common oscillatory bouts in the neonatal EEG and by using a neonatal size spherical head model to assess the effects of source depth and skull conductivities on the spatial frequency spectrum. The linear array recordings show that the spatial power spectrum decays rapidly until about 0.5-0.8 cycles per centimeter. The dense array EEG recordings show that the amplitude of oscillatory events decays within 4-6 cm to the level of global background activity, and that the higher frequencies (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) show the most rapid spatial decline in amplitude. Simulation with spherical head model showed that realistic variation in skull conductivity and source depths can both introduce orders of magnitude difference in the spatial frequency of the scalp EEG. Calculation of spatial Nyquist frequencies from the spatial power spectra suggests that an interelectrode distance of about 6-10 mm would suffice to capture the full spatial texture of the raw EEG signal at the neonatal scalp without spatial aliasing or under-sampling. The spatial decay of oscillatory events suggests that a full representation of their spatial characteristics requires an interelectrode distance of 10-20 mm. The findings show that the conventional way of recording neonatal EEG with about 10 electrodes ignores most spatial EEG content, that increasing the electrode density is necessary to improve neonatal EEG source localization and information extraction, and that prospective source models will need to carefully consider the neonatally relevant ranges of tissue conductivities and source depths when source localizing cortical activity in neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…31 Indirect measures of muscle activation can be determined noninvasively with surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitudes that are used to approximate electrical muscle activity. 32 The decreased ability to use afferent input, deficits in reflexive responses, and reduced efferent motor control may result in alterations in the normal preparatory and responsive muscle activity before and after ground contact, even in repetitive tasks such as walking. To this point, individuals with CAI have demonstrated a more inverted foot position before and after heel strike, 17,19 as well as an increased rate of change in inversion during the same point in the gait cycle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Patients With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability During Walking

Feger

Donovan

Hart

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and many individuals with ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI exhibit proprioceptive and postural-control deficits, as well as altered osteokinematics, during gait. Neuromuscular activity is theorized to play a pivotal role in CAI, but deficits during walking are unclear.Objective: To compare motor-recruitment patterns as demonstrated by surface electromyography amplitudes between participants with CAI and healthy control participants during walking.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Fifteen adults with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age ¼ 23 6 4.2 years, height ¼ 173 6 10.8 cm, mass ¼ 72.4 6 14 kg) and 15 matched healthy control adults (5 men, 10 women; age ¼ 22.9 6 3.4 years, height ¼ 173 6 9.4 cm, mass ¼ 70.8 6 18 kg).Intervention(s): Participants walked shod on a treadmill while surface electromyography signals were recorded from the anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscles.Main Outcome Measure(s): Preinitial contact amplitude, postinitial contact amplitude, time of activation relative to initial contact, and percentage of activation time across the stride cycle were calculated for each muscle.Results: Time of activation for all muscles tested occurred earlier in the CAI group than in the control group. The peroneus longus was activated for a longer duration across the entire stride cycle in the CAI group (36.0% 6 10.3%) than the control group (23.3% 6 22.2%; P ¼ .05). No differences were noted between groups for measures of electromyographic amplitude at either preinitial or postinitial contact (P . .05).Conclusions: We identified differences between the CAI and control groups in the timing of muscle activation relative to heel strike in multiple lower extremity muscles and in the percentage of activation time across the entire stride cycle in the peroneus longus muscle. Individuals with CAI demonstrated neuromuscular-activation strategies throughout the lower extremity that were different from those of healthy control participants. Targeted therapeutic interventions for CAI may need to be focused on restoring normal neuromuscular function during gait.

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“…Two major lower limb muscles (at upper and lower postures of knee skeleton), named as vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius respectively, have been investigated by present EMG technique. As EMG sensors can identify the electromyogram signals generated by the muscle fibers during the production of muscle force, the exact muscular activities of concurrent muscles where the sensors are attached can be measured [5,6,7]. Major objectives of this research are to focus on the characteristics of ageing effects upon the general muscular activities of two major lower-limb muscles for understanding their influences to knee joint stabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMG Signals for Co-Activations of Major Lower Limb Muscles in Knee Joint Dynamics

Khan¹,

Kurita²

2015

BSE

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Integrity analysis of knee joint involves a detail study of several anatomical parts such as bones, cartilage, tendons etc. Any disorder or damage of these anatomical parts causes severe knee disease, like osteoarthritis (OA), which is generally found in an increasing tendency, particularly, in an aged society. Although, the reasoning of OA in knee joint is not concentrated to the present paper, however, the influences of related muscular co-activities to knee flexor-extensor actions are figured out in the present research. Particularly, the muscle reflection actions of two major skeletal muscles at knee are investigated with aging functions of participants. EMG signals have been collected from the vastus lateralis and the gastrocnemius for the dynamic movements (standing and sitting) of knee joint. Aged participants (over 60 years old) and young participants (20 -25 years old) joined the experiments. Data have been collected from both legs, however, analysis is shown only for left leg in this paper. EMG sensors and the related devices of the present sensing technique have been installed based on the instructions of Biometric Co. Ltd. Result show that the voltage amplitudes of EMG signals fluctuate largely with increasing ages and thus, the result focuses on the postural effectiveness in muscular activities for the stability challenges of knee joints in their movements.

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Clinical applications of high-density surface EMG: A systematic review

Cited by 257 publications

References 161 publications

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Patients With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability During Walking

EMG Signals for Co-Activations of Major Lower Limb Muscles in Knee Joint Dynamics

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