Wound healing, particularly for chronic wounds, presents
a considerable
difficulty due to differences in biochemical and cellular processes
that occur in different types of wounds. Recent technological breakthroughs
have notably advanced the understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic
approaches to wound healing. The evolution in wound care has seen
a transition from traditional textile dressings to a variety of advanced
alternatives, including self-healing hydrogels, hydrofibers, foams,
hydrocolloids, environment responsive dressings, growth factor-based
therapy, bioengineered skin substitutes, and stem cell and gene therapy.
Technological advancements, such as 3D printing and electronic skin
(e-skin) therapy, contribute to the customization of wound healing.
Despite these advancements, effectively managing chronic wounds remains
challenging. This necessitates the development of treatments that
consider performance, risk–benefit balance, and cost-effectiveness.
This review discusses innovative strategies for the healing of chronic
wounds. Incorporating biomarkers into advanced dressings, coupled
with corresponding biosensors and drug delivery formulations, enables
the theranostic approach to the treatment of chronic wounds. Furthermore,
integrating advanced dressings with power sources and user interfaces
like near-field communication, radio frequency identification, and
Bluetooth enhances real-time monitoring and on-demand drug delivery.
It also provides a thorough evaluation of the advantages, patient
compliance, costs, and durability of advanced dressings, emphasizing
smart formulations and their preparation methods.