Clinical aspects of Japanese B encephalitis in North Vietnam

Hinh, Le Duc

doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(86)80027-0

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although previously collected data surveillance data in Vietnam are limited, our study suggests that the incidence of JE is high among children in the Hanoi area and may be increasing. 1,3,20 The low frequency of JE demonstrated among adult AES patients hospitalized at Bach Mai Hospital supports the observation that immunity to JE increases by young adulthood and suggests that JE virus may play a relatively minor role among a wide array of pathogens capable of causing AES in adults. 5,[21][22][23][24] The variety of arbovirus-associated human disease in Asia makes the determination of a specific viral diagnosis challenging; at least 12 flaviviruses and nine alphaviruses have been reported to cause a human encephalitis syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995.

Lowry¹,

Truong²,

Hinh³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The etiologic spectrum of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) has not been well defined in Vietnam. Cohort and case-control studies were performed on all adult and pediatric AES patients admitted to the Neurology Service of Bach Mai Hospital between June 5 and August 3, 1995. Among pediatric AES patients, 31 (67%) of 46 had acute Japanese encephalitis (JE), compared with only two (6%) of 33 adult AES patients (P Ͻ 0.0001). For confirmed JE cases, serum specimens obtained 15-21 days after symptom onset had the highest mean anti-JE IgM signal-to-noise (P/N) ratios (8.08 ϩ 1.09 SE). A serosurvey of adult household members did not reveal any cases of recent subclinical JE infection, although 26% had evidence of past JE infection. The use of bed netting was nearly universal but did not appear to reduce the risk of AES or JE. Given the high incidence of JE, particularly among children, Vietnam seems well suited for the development of a targeted JE vaccination strategy.Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, an arthropod-borne pathogen, is the most common documented cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, and potentially ranks only after human immunodeficiency virus as the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the world. 1 The JE virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family, is transmitted chiefly by mosquitoes of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus complex, and causes up to 50,000 cases annually in a broad geographic range extending from Japan and the People's Republic of China in the east to the Indian subcontinent in the West and to Oceania. 2 In Southeast Asia, the incidence of JE appears to be increasing, probably as a result of a steady rise in population density, deforestation, and increasing irrigation of agricultural areas. 3 Province-specific attack rates in northern Thailand are reported to be 10-20 per 100,000, making the incidence of the disease similar to that observed for poliomyelitis in the United States before the use of the Salk and Sabin vaccines. 4 The fatality rate for JE is generally high (5-30%), and approximately one-third of survivors suffer serious neurologic sequelae. [5][6][7] In addition, the social prognosis for handicapped survivors of JE is often poor in developing countries.Though viral encephalitis is a pressing public health problem in Vietnam, identification of the leading agents responsible for the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) has been difficult. The development of the sandwich IgM ELISA test has greatly simplified the diagnosis of acute JE, but this test is generally not available in Vietnam. 8,9 From a perspective of disease surveillance and control, it is important to differentiate JE from other causes of AES, in part because JE is the only arbovirus encephalitis that can be prevented on a large scale by vaccination. We conducted the present study to determine the proportion of AES cases in children and adults that are due to JE, to investigate risk factors for acquisition of AES, and to assess the efficacy of household mosquito protection measures in the absence of a JE vaccin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995.

Lowry¹,

Truong²,

Hinh³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…19 The first JE case in Vietnam was reported in 1951 and JE epidemics then increased up to the late 1970s. [20][21][22] Clinical cases subsequently decreased after vaccination was introduced in 1997, 19 However, JE is still endemic countrywide in Vietnam with an annual incidence of 1,000-3,000 cases in 2002. 2,23 Epidemics of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), on the other hand, have been frequently reported in Vietnam since the 1960s, with reported incidences as high as 22/100,000 population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mosquitoes in Vietnam from 2006 to 2008

Kuwata¹,

Nga²,

Yến³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in Vietnam from 2006 to 2008. A total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of JEV infection by assays for cytopathic effects in C6/36 cells and by RT-PCR to detect flavivirus RNA. Three JEV strains were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles collected in northern and southern Vietnam and two JEV strains were isolated from Culex vishnui Theobald collected in the highlands of Vietnam. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses, based on complete E gene nucleotide sequences, revealed that the five JEV strains were classified into the genotype I group and six amino acid differences were found in these five strains. These results indicated that multiple JEV genotype I populations are circulating countrywide in Vietnam, transmitted by bites of their Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui.

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“…3 Subsequent isolations of JEV from mosquitoes, birds, pigs, and humans in Vietnam and JE epidemics in the late 1960s and 1970s increased awareness of the disease and its impact. 4,5 Since that time, JE has been recognized as an important public health problem in Vietnam. 6 Acute encephalitis is the most common clinical manifestation of JE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Japanese Encephalitis in Vietnam, 1998–2007

Yen¹,

Duffy²,

Hiển³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is recognized as an important public health problem in Vietnam. A JE immunization program was introduced in 1997 in high-risk districts and expanded to additional districts over subsequent years. We reviewed national acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance data for 1998–2007 and analyzed more detailed data regarding JE from five northern provinces in 2004 and 2005. The annual reported incidence of AES in Vietnam ranged from 3.0 to 1.4 cases per 100,000 population with a decreasing trend over the 10-year period. The mean annual incidence of AES was highest in the northern region of the country. Of 421 AES cases from five northern provinces with laboratory results reported, 217 (52%) had laboratory evidence of recent JEV infection. As Vietnam moves closer to control of JE through immunization, accurate JE surveillance data will be important to evaluate and guide the program.

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Clinical aspects of Japanese B encephalitis in North Vietnam

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995.

Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995.

Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mosquitoes in Vietnam from 2006 to 2008

Surveillance for Japanese Encephalitis in Vietnam, 1998–2007

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