Clinical Aspects of Premonitory Urges in Patients with Tourette’s Disorder

Nam, Sung Min; Park, Juhyun; Park, Tae Won

doi:10.5765/jkacap.180025

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although the premonitory urges in adults (but not in children) who responded to behavior therapy significantly decreased across treatment, results failed to find a specific effect of behavior therapy on reducing premonitory urge severity, which casts doubt on the hypothesis that habituation is a core process underlying the effectiveness of behavior therapy on tics. Nam et al [ 75 ] also reported that it is still unknown whether the severity of a premonitory urge is directly related to the severity of the subsequent tic symptoms, and the effects of pharmacological treatments on premonitory urges have also been inconsistent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder

Kim

Bae

Lee

et al. 2021

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objectives: Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple involuntary movements of muscles or vocalization. Although tic symptoms subside as the patient ages, some patients suffer from significant functional impairments related to severe tic symptoms. This manuscript aimed to review the latest scientific evidences for the effect of cognitive-behavioral interventions on tic disorder. Methods: The relevant studies were identified by searching medical research databases. We focused our search on studies published between 2000 and 2020 in order to reflect the latest scientific evidence. A total of 821 articles were identified in the initial database search and 27 articles were finally included for the review after the exclusion of duplicated and irrelevant articles. Results: Behavioral therapies including habit reversal training, Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, and exposure and response prevention were the most widely studied interventions for tic disorder and are recommended as first-line treatments for tic disorders with high confidence. Cognitive psychophysiologic approaches were also reported to be effective. Conclusion:Further studies are needed to support the future treatment of tics with low-cost and more widely available treatments, in order to ensure better treatment outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder

Kim

Bae

Lee

et al. 2021

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Given the close association between tic disorders and premonitory urges, the latter can also be assumed to be prone to time-dependent variabilities, which lessens the importance of test-retest reliability verification. Alongside this, despite the advantage of easy evaluation as a self-report scale, the PUTS has the disadvantage of high score variability depending on the rater's attitude, motivation, and intellectual level [4]. This drawback of a self-report scale will be overcome if a clinician-administered structured rating scale is developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first factor contained four items (1,7,8,9), the second factor three items (2,3,6), and the third factor two items (4,5). Based on the properties of the constituent items, the first factor was named the "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," the second factor "the quality of the premonitory urge," and the third factor "just right phenomena."…”

Section: Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common comorbidities of Tourette's disorder are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment options consist mainly of behavioral therapy and medication, but it is difficult to evaluate their therapeutic effects because tics wax and wane throughout the course of disease [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study with youth aged 9 to 17, Rozenman et al [14] reported that the intensity of anxiety experienced by patients with tic disorders and the severity of somatic/panic symptoms measured by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Child Version questionnaire (SCARED-C) were associated with the PUTS total score. If this association can be analyzed for individual children affected, these results can be used to control the severity of premonitory urges in behavioral therapy involving classical conditioning [4]. As examined above, accurate understanding and assessments of premonitory urges is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of tic disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study

Kim

Chung

Yang

et al. 2020

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic, " "the quality of the premonitory urge, " and "just right phenomena. " Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.

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The Severity and Neural Correlates of Premonitory Urge in Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Li,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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Introduction: Premonitory urge (PU) is an aversive bodily sensation that signals the onset of tic disorder.To our knowledge, PU typically precedes the appearance of tic symptoms, and both age and tic severity are correlated with PU. However, inconsistent findings have also been reported. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship among premonitory symptoms, patient age and the severity of tic symptoms, as well as to summarize the research on the neural underpinnings of PU in Tourette syndrome (TS). Methods: We conducted a literature search of relevant studies published between December 2005 and April 2022 using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Our analysis was carried out using R software with the assistance of the “meta” and “metafor” packages. Results: Our meta-analysis included 22 studies with a total of 1236 tic disorder patients. The mean Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) score was 20.17, with a 95% confidence interval of [18.14, 21.68]. Through meta-regression, we found that age and tic severity play important moderating roles in PU severity (p < 0.0001). Neuroimaging studies suggest that PU is related to the insula, prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and supplementary motor area (SMA), regardless of the structural or functional level. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis confirmed the positive relationship between the severity of tics and PU and identified age as a significant factor influencing PU. The neural mechanisms underlying PU remain largely unknown, but evidence suggests that the insula, PFC, ACC, and SMA are related regions.

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Clinical Aspects of Premonitory Urges in Patients with Tourette’s Disorder

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder

A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder

Development of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study

The Severity and Neural Correlates of Premonitory Urge in Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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