Clinical assessment of arterial stiffness with cardio-ankle vascular index

Hayashi, Kozaburo; Yamamoto, Tomoko; Takahara, Akira; Shirai, Kohji

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000651

Cited by 123 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Major conventional index is known as cfPWV (carotid-femoral PWV), hfPWV (heart-femoral PWV), baPWV (brachial-ankle PWV) and haPWV (heart-ankle PWV) [8]. However, those methods require to attach cuffs or electrodes to the body.…”

Section: Proposed Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Non-Restraint Blood Pressure Measurement Method Utilizing PWV

Asakura¹,

Sankai²

2017

IJPMBS

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Abstract-Hypertension is a major risk factor of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. In order to prevent hypertension, it is important to measure blood pressure regularly. Non-restraint blood pressure measurement method would make daily measurement convenience. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel non-restraint measurement method and device of PWV (Pulse Wave Velocity) that relates to blood pressure strongly and verify the feasibility of measuring PWV with the proposed method. We developed pressure plethysmogram sensors that could detect BCG (Ballistocardiogram), and attached it on a chair. PWV was calculated from two characteristic points of BCG, which were the rising point of H wave and the bottom of I wave. In the experiment, developed system is applied to five participants, and measured values of PWV are increased according to values of systolic blood pressure. In addition, the correlation coefficients are enough to imply the relationship between PWV measured by our device and systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, we developed a novel non-restraint measurement method and device of PWV that relates to blood pressure strongly and confirmed that correlation between systolic blood pressure and PWV by using this method and device.  Index Terms-blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), ballistocardiogram (BCG), non-restraint measurement

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Section: Proposed Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Non-Restraint Blood Pressure Measurement Method Utilizing PWV

Asakura¹,

Sankai²

2017

IJPMBS

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“…where P s and P d are systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and ρ is the blood mass density [17,18]. Pressures, PWV, and ρ should be entered into equation 1 in units of Pa, m/s, and kg/m 3 , respectively to ensure dimensional correctness.…”

Section: Option 1: Converting Pwv Into Blood Pressure-independent Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Segers [35] acknowledges this effect in his editorial comment, in which he illustrates the blood pressure dependence of β by plotting In( P / P ref ) versus d / d ref . The slope of this plot, which is equal to β [18], changes when changing P ref and d ref , as is the case when diastolic blood pressure is used in calculating β.…”

Section: Option 1: Converting Pwv Into Blood Pressure-independent Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI0

Spronck

Delhaas

Butlin

et al. 2017

Pulse

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, is known to change instantaneously with changes in blood pressure. In this mini-review, we discuss two main approaches for handling the blood pressure dependence of PWV: (1) converting PWV into a pressure-independent index, and (2) correcting PWV per se for the pressure dependence. Under option 1, we focus on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). CAVI is essentially a form of stiffness index β - CAVI is estimated for a (heart-to-ankle) trajectory, whereas β is estimated for a single artery from pressure and diameter measurements. Stiffness index β, and therefore also CAVI, have been shown to theoretically exhibit a slight residual blood pressure dependence due to the use of diastolic blood pressure instead of a fixed reference blood pressure. Additionally, CAVI exhibits pressure dependence due to the use of an estimated derivative of the pressure-diameter relationship. In this mini-review, we will address CAVI's blood pressure dependence theoretically, but also statistically. Furthermore, we review corrected indices (CAVI₀ and β₀) that theoretically do not show a residual blood pressure dependence. Under option 2, three ways of correcting PWV are reviewed: (1) using an exponential relationship between pressure and cross-sectional area, (2) by statistical model adjustment, and (3) through reference values or rule of thumb. Method 2 requires a population to be studied to characterise the statistical model, and method 3 requires a representative reference study. Given these limitations, method 1 seems preferable for correcting PWV per se for its blood pressure dependence. In summary, several options are available to handle the blood pressure dependence of PWV. If a blood pressure-independent index is sought, CAVI₀ is theoretically preferable over CAVI. If correcting PWV per se is required, using an exponential pressure-area relationship provides the user with a method to correct PWV on an individual basis.

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“…Compared with PWV, CAVI does not depend on the immediate effect of blood pressure. CAVI comes from the stiffness coefficient β and can be calculated by the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and brachial ankle artery pulse waveform and pulse waveform records and is mainly related to aortic stiffness and compliance [29]. A series of studies have found that CAVI as a new marker of vascular health was closely related to arterial injury in patients with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and blood lipid disorder and became a useful tool for health screening because of the blood pressure dependence [30–35].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Arterial Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection System of Vascular Disease and Its Application Prospect

Liu

Wang

2016

BioMed Research International

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Markers of imaging, structure, and function reflecting vascular damage, integrating a long time accumulation effect of traditional and unrecognized cardiovascular risk factors, can be regarded as surrogate endpoints of target organ damage before the occurrence of clinical events. Prevention of cardiovascular disease requires risk stratification and treatment of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. However, traditional risk stratification is not sufficient to provide accurate assessment of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, vascular injury related parameters obtained by ultrasound or other noninvasive devices, as a surrogate parameter of subclinical cardiovascular disease, can improve cardiovascular risk assessment and optimize the preventive treatment strategy. Thus, we will summarize the research progress and clinical application of early assessment technology of vascular diseases in the present review.

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Clinical assessment of arterial stiffness with cardio-ankle vascular index

Cited by 123 publications

References 76 publications

Development of Non-Restraint Blood Pressure Measurement Method Utilizing PWV

Development of Non-Restraint Blood Pressure Measurement Method Utilizing PWV

Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI0

Early Detection System of Vascular Disease and Its Application Prospect

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