Clinical Assessment of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Granules and Paste Forms in Human Maxillary Sinus Bone Augmentation: A Randomized, Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to compare the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) using two different forms—(1) granules and (2) paste—in human maxillary sinus bone reconstruction as a split-mouth study using histomorphometric and immunolabeling for osteocalcin. Ten patients with bilateral maxillary posterior partial edentulism were selected in order to reconstruct bone height. They were divided into two groups: BCPG and BCP-P. After six months of bone healing, biopsies were harvested to assess the new bone formation and immunostaining for osteocalcin. The BCP g group had the following results: mean of bone formation in pristine bone 49.4 ± 21.6%, intermediate 49.4 ± 16.2%, and apical 55.3 ± 21.4%. The group BCP-P had a mean of 41.9 ± 17.3% in the pristine bone region, 37.5 ± 7.8% for intermediate, and 39.0 ± 13.5% for apical. The osteocalcin immunolabeling was high for both groups, demonstrating bone calcification. Thus, the two biomaterials present suitable results for the placement of dental implants.

Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

“…Bone biopsies showed the formation of lamellar bone with the presence of osteoblast in the peripheral and woven bone after 6 months post-after material implantation. High expression of osteocalcin protein in the areas of grafting was also observed[ 19 ]. It is important to mention that the ionic portion of bioceramics influences various osteogenic and angiogenic genes such as HIF-1α and TNF-α for bone regeneration and PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK cascades for vascularization[ 14 ].…”