Clinical assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders

Wrobel, Bozena; Leopold, Donald A.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2004.06.010

Cited by 117 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our results showed that nasal polyposis patients exhibited a general decrease in olfactory function, and this finding appears to be a confirmation of the welldocumented olfactory dysfunction in patients with sinonasal disease [2,3,11,21] . The first variable entered into our study was sex, with females having on average better results in the olfactory test, a fact consistent with previous studies [12,22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The development of standardized olfactory tests which are available in every-day clinical practice offered a more objective method to assess smell problems than the subjective symptom rating [11] . This study was conducted to evaluate whether CT scan findings in a group of patients with the same nasal pathology are correlated with the results of a well-investigated olfactory test [12,13] and with subjective perception of olfactory dysfunction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Polyposis: Correlation with Computed Tomography Findings

Konstantinidis¹,

Triaridis²,

Printza³

et al. 2007

ORL

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Aims: This study evaluates if a computed tomography (CT) scan is useful to assess the olfactory loss in sinonasal disease, and if a preoperative CT scan has a predictive value for the long-term outcome regarding olfaction. Methods: Thirty-one patients with nasal polyposis were included. Olfactory function was assessed with the ‘Sniffin’ Sticks’ test and subjective perception recorded with a visual analogue scale. CT scans were assessed with the Lund-Mackay system and the Damm nasal segmentation. Patients were retested after endoscopic sinus surgery in a follow-up appointment at least 1 year later. Results: Disease in the upper meatus and the posterior portion of the middle meatus strongly affects olfactory function. Lund-Mackay scores were significantly correlated with preoperative olfactory test results. Preoperative subjective ratings had a significant correlation only with present disease in the anterior upper meatus. Postoperative results were significantly decreased. Their relative percentage change was correlated only with the preoperative presence of disease in the anterior upper meatus. No correlation was found between the Lund-Mackay score and the postoperative olfactory results. Conclusions: Olfactory dysfunction in nasal polyposis is strongly related to specific obstructed nasal areas. A CT scan has no predictive value for the long-term surgical outcome regarding olfaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Polyposis: Correlation with Computed Tomography Findings

Konstantinidis¹,

Triaridis²,

Printza³

et al. 2007

ORL

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“…Lang et al [5] assessed taste function using whole mouth test and TST, while the other two studies [6,7] used electrogustometry. Electrogustometry is more sensitive to slight taste impairment and provides quantitative measure of taste function, but is inappropriate for evaluation of taste qualities other than sour or ''metallic'' [14]. The difference in stimulation time on electrogustometric testing (0.5 vs. 1.5 s) might also be at least partly responsible for the contrasting results between the last two studies [6,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste function in patients with Parkinson disease

et al. 2010

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Despite the important role of taste function in nutrition and health, little is known about changes in taste function caused by Parkinson disease (PD). The taste function of 31 PD patients and 29 healthy controls was assessed quantitatively using filter paper taste strip tests (TSTs) impregnated with four basic taste qualities at four different concentrations. The mean TST score was significantly lower in PD patients, as a consequence of taste impairment in the female PD patients (it did not differ significantly in males), which was likely to be attributable to the lower Mini-Mental State Examination score in patients with PD than in controls in women. TST scores in PD patients were not correlated with patient age, duration, or severity of their PD, or olfactory function. The findings of our study suggest that taste dysfunction should be included in the list of nonmotor symptoms of PD.

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“…2,18,19) Some drugs may impact taste sensitivity by their direct stimulation of taste receptors, not only by altering the normal transduction process and cellular functions, but also by altering the salivary flow. [20][21][22] The reduction of saliva seems to be highly related to the decline of taste perception in the elderly because of the high prevalence of systemic disease and its treatment with drugs in such individuals.…”

Section: Epidemiolocal Evidence Supporting a Link Between Hypogeusia mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyposalivation Strongly Influences Hypogeusia in the Elderly

Satoh‐Kuriwada

Shoji

Kawai

et al. 2009

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Aging is sometimes associated with decreased sensitivity to tastants, i.e., hypogeusia. The loss of taste sense induces not only the decreased quality of life (QOL), but also weight loss or health problems in the elderly. In our recent study, whole saliva secretion including minor salivary secretion, was found to be significantly decreased in the elderly with gustatory impairment, while it was normal in all of the elderly with normal taste thresholds, indicating that hyposalivation is closely related to hypogeusia. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that treatment for hyposalivation alleviates hypogeusia, even that due to the side effects of prescribed drugs or the effects of disease, e.g., nervous disorders or endocrine disorders. Thus, salivation is essential for maintenance of the normal taste function. Many medications for relief of dry mouth, primarily parasympathomimetic drugs, have serious adverse effects such as palpitation, sweating, nausea, diarrhea or dizziness, particularly in the elderly. To circumvent this problem, we use glutamate (umami taste) in an attempt to increase salivary secretion and to alleviate hypogeusia. An umami stimulus might be an effective method for the alleviation of hypogeusia through improvement of hyposalivation or dry mouth without side effects in aged patients. Consequently, attempts should be made to remedy hypogeusia by alleviation of hyposalivation so as to maintain and promote the health of the elderly.

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Clinical assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders

Cited by 117 publications

References 44 publications

Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Polyposis: Correlation with Computed Tomography Findings

Olfactory Dysfunction in Nasal Polyposis: Correlation with Computed Tomography Findings

Taste function in patients with Parkinson disease

Hyposalivation Strongly Influences Hypogeusia in the Elderly

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