Clinical characteristics according to depression screening tools in patients with Alzheimer's disease: View from self, caregiver‐reported and drug‐intervention pattern

Abstract

The present study showed that different depression screening tools revealed a different prevalence and poor concordance rate among depression screening tools. Considering lower cognitive functions and higher BPSD symptoms in the NPI-DS depression group, NPI-DS could be associated with disease severity in AD patients. However, the clinical significance of GDS remains uncertain.

Neuropsychiatric disorders in dementia: mechanisms and treatment approach

“…Частота депрессии при БА колеблется от 25 до 75% [8][9][10]. Необходимо отметить, что выявление депрессии у пациентов с деменцией представляется сложной клинической задачей, так как по мере ког-нитивного снижения критика уменьшается, а оценка аффективного статуса ухаживающими лицами во многом зависит от общей степени дистресса, а также личностных особенностей самого патронирующего лица.…”

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…This variability is likely due to the multitude of instruments used for diagnosis, including the DSM, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Depression subscale (NPI-D), and Geriatric Depression scale (GDS). Indeed, one study reported rates in the same cohort of 10.5% using the NPI-D (significant), 56.4% based on the NPI-D (any), 30% based on the Geriatric Depression scale (GDS), and 16% based on antidepressant usage [ 24 ]. A French Network on AD (REAL.FR) study following several hundred AD patients without depression or antidepressant use over 4 years reported an incidence of 17.45%/year [ 27 ].…”

“…Thus, there is general agreement that these neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral anomalies are predictive of poor outcome, although symptom incidence, progression, and prognostic significance are highly variable across studies, possibly due to the different neuropsychiatric instruments used or clinical definitions. Moreover, despite recent identification of noninvasive biomarkers related to AD [ 22 ] and advances in imaging AD-associated plaques [ 23 , 24 ], AD is still a diagnosis that can only be confirmed at autopsy, so most such studies relate neuropsychiatric symptoms to “presumed AD.” Another uncertainty is whether these neuropsychiatric and behavioral abnormalities such as depression and psychosis are etiologically similar in patients with and without AD or constitute clinical entities unique to AD.…”

Reabilitação cognitiva em grupo com foco em metas funcionais para pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve: um ensaio clínico controlado

“…Um dos SPCD mais comuns é a depressão (Kwak et al, 2014), que isoladamente reduz de forma acentuada a cognição, a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida (QV) em pacientes com DA (Xiao-Ling et al, 2014). As estimativas de prevalência desse sintoma variam de 25% a 74,9%.…”

“…Devido a esses problemas, detectar e medir depressão em pacientes com DA exige uma percepção acurada tanto do paciente como do cuidador (Kwark et al, 2014). Diante disso, Kwak et al (2014) buscaram determinar, entre outros aspectos, a taxa de prevalência de sintomas depressivos em 257 pacientes com DA provável, sem uso do inibidor da colinesterase, por meio da escala de rastreamento de depressão geriátrica (GDS) e de depressão subjetiva (subescala de depressão do NPI -SD). Os pacientes foram classificados em três subgrupos: sem depressão, depressão segundo a GDS, e depressão segundo a NPI-SD.…”