Clinical Characteristics and Current Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Yonekawa, Yoshihiro; Kim, Ivana K.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017178

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Then, multiple logistic regressions was used to estimate OR while adjusting for possible confounders including age, gender, race (white, Hispanic, black, Asian, other), smoking status (never, current, exsmoker), physical activity (sedentary, underactive, underactive regular-light activities, underactive regular, active and missing (n = 6), and hypertension (yes, no, missing [n = 3]). Possible confounding factors were selected based on the expert knowledge 29 regarding importance of covariates in the causal pathway (Table 1). Stratification was performed by country (United States or Portugal) to eliminate possible confounding effect owing to difference in FFQ and physical activity measurement tools used for this study.…”

Section: Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid is Inversely Associated With AMD

Roh

Shin

Providência

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Roh M, Shin HJ, Laíns I, et al. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid is inversely associated with AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(2):20. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.2.20 PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between dietary fat intake and the presence of AMD. METHODS.Cross-sectional, observational study with cohorts prospectively recruited from the United States and Portugal. AMD was diagnosed based on color fundus photographs with the AREDS classification. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the percent energy intake of trans fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for quintile of amount of FA were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR. RESULTS.We included 483 participants, 386 patients with AMD and 97 controls. Higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 2.3-fold higher odds of presence of AMD (P for trend = 0.0156), whereas a higher intake of PUFA (OR, 0.25; P for trend = 0.006) and MUFA (OR, 0.24; P for trend < 0.0001) presented an inverse association. Subgroup analysis showed that higher quintile of trans fat was associated with increased odds of having intermediate AMD (OR, 2.26; P for trend = 0.02); and higher quintile of PUFA and MUFA were inversely associated with intermediate AMD (OR, 0.2 [P for trend = 0.0013]; OR, 0.17 [P for trend < 0.0001]) and advanced AMD (OR, 0.13 [P for trend = 0.02]; OR, 0.26 [P for trend = 0.004]). Additionally, a statistically significant effect modification by country was noted with inverse association between MUFA and AMD being significant (OR, 0.04; P for trend < 0.0001) for the Portugal population only. CONCLUSIONS.Our study shows that higher dietary intake of trans fat is associated with the presence of AMD, and a higher intake of PUFA and MUFA is inversely associated with AMD.A MD is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. 1The mechanism of AMD is still poorly defined, although multifactorial risk factors such as age, race, family history or genetic factors, and smoking have been shown to increase the risk for development of the AMD. 2 Currently, recommendations from the National Eye Institute for lifestyle modification are to avoid smoking, exercise regularly, maintain a normal blood pressure, and control cholesterol levels. As

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Section: Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid is Inversely Associated With AMD

Roh

Shin

Providência

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF therapies represents the preferred treatment option for nAMD (Yonekawa and Kim, 2014). Current therapies such as Lucentis and Avastin use frequent monthly IVT injections to improve visual outcomes (Martin et al, 2011;Singer et al, 2012;Brown et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic and Translational Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Abicipar Pegol and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition

Luu

Seal

Attar

2020

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Abicipar pegol (abicipar) is a novel DARPin therapeutic and highly potent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor intended for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Here we develop a translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for abicipar to guide dosing regimens in the clinic. The model incorporated abicipar-VEGF binding kinetics, VEGF expression levels, and VEGF turnover rates to describe the ocular and systemic PK data collected from the vitreous, aqueous humor (AH), choroid, retina, and serum of rabbits after a 1-mg abicipar intravitreal (IVT) dose. The model was translated to humans using human-specific mechanistic parameters and refitted to human serum and AH concentrations from patients with diabetic macular edema and nAMD. The model was then used to simulate 8-, 12-(quarterly), and 16-week dosing intervals in the clinic. Simulations of 2 mg abicipar IVT at 8-week or quarterly dosing in humans indicates minimum steady-state vitreal concentrations are maintained above both in vitro IC 50 and in vivo human IC 50 values. The model predicted virtually complete VEGF inhibition for the 8-week and quarterly dosing schedule during the 52-week treatment period. In the 16-week schedule, clinically significant VEGF inhibition was maintained during the 52-week period. The model quantitatively described abicipar-VEGF target engagement leading to rapid reduction of VEGF and a long duration of VEGF inhibition demonstrating the clinical feasibility of up to a 16-week dosing interval. Abicipar is predicted to reduce IVT dosing compared with other anti-VEGF therapies with the potential to lessen patient treatment burden. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration require frequent (monthly) intravitreal injections and monitoring, which increases patient burden. We developed a mechanistic pharmakinetic/pharmadynamic model to describe the interaction between abicipar (a novel VEGF inhibitor) and VEGF to evaluate the duration of action. The model demonstrates extended abicipar-VEGF target engagement leading to clinical feasibility of up to a 16-week dosing interval. Our model predicted that abicipar 8-week and quarterly dosing schedules maintain virtually complete VEGF inhibition during the 52-week period.

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“…[81]. The anti-VEGF drugs, for example, bevacizumab (Avastin ® ; Genentech, Inc., CA, USA), ranibizumab (Lucentis ® ; Genentech, Inc., CA, USA), and aflibercept (Eylea ® ; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., NY, USA), have been commonly used in US to treat "wet" (neovascular) AMD over the last decade [82].…”

Section: Treatments For Retinal Diseases and Ocular Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CURRENT TRENDS AND TREATMENTS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Kanna

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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The drastically increasing issues of the disease scenario currently are with different types of diabetes all over the world. It has been reported, approximately 592 million are suffering from the disease throughout the world. It affects differently in different patients with the disease. There have been reports that it is affected differently and also has different side effects. It is also been reported that diabetes mellitus leads to the cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and also diabetic macular edema. It is considered as one of the most common causes which is linked to DR. DR has been considered as one of the most important causes for the loss of vision or impaired vision. The drugs show different types of incompatibility such as toxicity, solubility issues, aggregation, and chemical degradation these can be improved by applying several methods. DR is classified according to “Airlie House” into different categories and based on different strategies and consideration. It was found that DR is the main cause for vision loss and also there no much strategies for development of new treatment. The treatment involved is laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, among these the effective treatment, was found to be laser photocoagulation. This is mainly characterized as proliferative and non-proliferative DR. Different therapeutic agents have been taken for the study these includes vascular endothelial growth factor, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, they are certainly different interventions for the treatment, they are nanotechnology and liposome. Nanotechnology applied is the most effective and also acceptable way of treatment.

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Clinical Characteristics and Current Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cited by 64 publications

References 118 publications

Higher Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid is Inversely Associated With AMD

Higher Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid is Inversely Associated With AMD

A Mechanistic and Translational Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Abicipar Pegol and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition

The CURRENT TRENDS AND TREATMENTS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

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