Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in East London: a retrospective cohort analysis

Cheng, Daryl; Calderwood, Claire; Skyllberg, Erik; Ainley, Adam

doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000813

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Abate et al (2021) conducted a systematic review and found a 48% prevalence of comorbidities in hospitalized patients, with diabetes mellitus (48%) predominating, followed by hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (15%) [ 38 ]. Among the main risk factors listed in this study were chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, which have also been found in other studies [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Our findings indicated the presence of a risk factor in 73% of deaths, but these results can be explained by the fact that we only examined the number of deaths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Castro

Moreira

Bermejo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In November 2020, Brazil ranked third in the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and second in the number of deaths due to the disease. We carried out a descriptive study of deaths, mortality rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and excess mortality due to COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 records in SIVEP-Gripe (Ministry of Health of Brazil) from 16 February 2020, to 1 January 2021. In this period, there were 98,025 deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil. Men accounted for 60.5% of the estimated 1.2 million YPLLs. High YPLL averages showed prematurity of deaths. The population aged 45–64 years (both sexes) represented more than 50% of all YPLLs. Risk factors were present in 69.5% of deaths, with heart disease, diabetes and obesity representing the most prevalent comorbidities in both sexes. Indigenous people had the lowest number of deaths and the highest average YPLL. However, in indigenous people, pregnant women and mothers had an average YPLL of over 35 years. The excess mortality for Brazil was estimated at 122,914 deaths (9.2%). The results show that the social impacts of YPLL due to COVID-19 are different depending on gender, race and risk factors. YPLL and excess mortality can be used to guide the prioritization of health interventions, such as prioritization of vaccination, lockdowns, or distribution of facial masks for the most vulnerable populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Castro

Moreira

Bermejo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The average AXIS score for all included studies was 16.9 (±2.0) out of a possible 20, which may indicate a moderate risk of bias. The major sources of bias were the use of the convenience sampling methods, which was utilised by 38 of the 39 studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and possible non-response bias in 12 studies [16,17,[25][26][27]32,[34][35][36][37][38][39]48]. The results of the AXIS critical appraisal for each included study are displayed in Table 3.…”

Section: Quality Appraisal and Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Persistent Symptoms and Residual Abnormal Functioning following Acute COVID-19: Ongoing Symptomatic Phase vs. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

Jennings

Monaghan

Feng

et al. 2021

JCM

118

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Objective: To compare the two phases of long COVID, namely ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (OSC; signs and symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks from initial infection) and post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS; signs and symptoms beyond 12 weeks) with respect to symptomatology, abnormal functioning, psychological burden, and quality of life. Design: Systematic review. Data Sources: Electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, LitCOVID, and Google Scholar between January and April 2021, and manual search for relevant citations from review articles. Eligibility Criteria: Cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, randomised control trials, and case-control studies with participant data concerning long COVID symptomatology or abnormal functioning. Data Extraction: Studies were screened and assessed for risk of bias by two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved with a third reviewer. The AXIS tool was utilised to appraise the quality of the evidence. Data were extracted and collated using a data extraction tool in Microsoft Excel. Results: Of the 1145 studies screened, 39 were included, all describing adult cohorts with long COVID and sample sizes ranging from 32 to 1733. Studies included data pertaining to symptomatology, pulmonary functioning, chest imaging, cognitive functioning, psychological disorder, and/or quality of life. Fatigue presented as the most prevalent symptom during both OSC and PCS at 43% and 44%, respectively. Sleep disorder (36%; 33%), dyspnoea (31%; 40%), and cough (26%; 22%) followed in prevalence. Abnormal spirometry (FEV1 < 80% predicted) was observed in 15% and 11%, and abnormal chest imaging was observed in 34% and 28%, respectively. Cognitive impairments were also evident (20%; 15%), as well as anxiety (28%; 34%) and depression (25%; 32%). Decreased quality of life was reported by 40% in those with OSC and 57% with PCS. Conclusions: The prevalence of OSC and PCS were highly variable. Reported symptoms covered a wide range of body systems, with a general overlap in frequencies between the two phases. However, abnormalities in lung function and imaging seemed to be more common in OSC, whilst anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life seemed more frequent in PCS. In general, the quality of the evidence was moderate and further research is needed to understand longitudinal symptomatology trajectories in long COVID. Systematic Review Registration: Registered with PROSPERO with ID #CRD42021247846.

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“…The idea that SARS-CoV-2 infection could be associated with long-term health outcomes first appeared in the literature in mid-2020 [11], along with previous evidence of longhaul symptoms following the Ebola [12] virus outbreak and infections from previous coronaviruses [13,14]. COVID-19 survivors have been shown to experience a constellation of symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea or breathlessness [8,15], palpitations [16,17], brain fog, lack of concentration [18,19], sleep disturbances (i.e., insomnia) [20], headache [17,[21][22][23][24][25], orthostatic intolerance [25], anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder [20,23,[26][27][28], chest pain, joint pain [8], sore throat [17], and hair loss [15] persisting >4 weeks after recovery. These clinical sequelae share similarities with post-acute symptoms reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemics, caused by previous coronaviruses [14].…”

Section: Post-acute Sequelae Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from a large retrospective cohort study in the UK showed that patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 were more frequently male [79]. Males also showed higher mortality [15]. Conversely, COVID-19-related multi-organ dysfunction occurred in a gender-neutral fashion, with both male and female COVID-19 survivors showing a similar risk of respiratory and CV complications [79].…”

Section: Is Pasc Gender-specific?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

Bisaccia

Ricci

Recce

et al. 2021

JCDD

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Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID syndrome, is emerging as a major health issue in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms commonly experienced by patients include fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and “brain fog”. Additionally, symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and syncope suggest the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Signs of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction appear to be common in PASC and are similar to those observed in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. In this review, we report on the epidemiology of PASC, discuss current evidence and possible mechanisms underpinning the dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, and suggest nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions to treat and relieve symptoms of PASC-associated dysautonomia.

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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 in East London: a retrospective cohort analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

A Systematic Review of Persistent Symptoms and Residual Abnormal Functioning following Acute COVID-19: Ongoing Symptomatic Phase vs. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

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