Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe disease and outcome of patients with COVID-19

Özel, Ayşe Serra; Altunal, Lütfiye Nilsun; Aydın, Mehtap; Unal, Busra; Cam, Gulsum; Özer, Merve Çağlar; Korten, Volkan

doi:10.3855/jidc.15411

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although several scientific studies have reported an association between certain comorbidities and the development of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection [44][45][46][47][48][49][50], literature studies on the association between comorbidities and the risk of reinfection are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

et al. 2022

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, generating a high impact on healthcare systems. The aim of the study was to examine the epidemiological burden of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and to identify potential related risk factors. A retrospective observational study was conducted in Liguria Region, combining data from National Vaccines Registry and Regional Chronic Condition Data Warehouse. In the study period (September 2021 to May 2022), 335,117 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded in Liguria, of which 15,715 were reinfected once. During the Omicron phase (which predominated from 3 January 2022), the risk of reinfection was 4.89 times higher (p < 0.001) than during the Delta phase. Unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals with at least one dose for more than 120 days were at increased risk of reinfection compared with vaccinated individuals with at least one dose for ≤120 days, respectively (odds ratio (OR) of 1.26, p < 0.001; OR of 1.18, p < 0.001). Healthcare workers were more than twice as likely to be reinfected than non-healthcare workers (OR of 2.38, p < 0.001). Lower ORs were seen among people aged 60 to 79 years. Two doses or more of vaccination were found to be protective against the risk of reinfection rather than a single dose (mRNA vaccines: OR of 0.06, p < 0.0001, and OR of 0.1, p < 0.0001; vector vaccines: OR of 0.05, p < 0.0001). Patients with chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, bronchopneumopathy, neuropathy and autoimmune diseases were at increased risk of reinfection (OR of 1.38, p = 0.0003; OR of 1.09, p < 0.0296; OR of 1.14, p = 0.0056; OR of 1.78, p < 0.0001; OR of 1.18, p = 0.0205). Estimating the epidemiological burden of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and the role played by risk factors in reinfections is relevant for identifying risk-based preventive strategies in a pandemic context characterized by a high circulation of the virus and a high rate of pathogen mutations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

et al. 2022

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“…All thirty-three studies reported gender differences (men were taken as reference group in this study), and the result of our analysis showed that men were more likely to have severe disease than women (OR = 1.52, 95 % CI:1.34–1.73; I 2 = 85 %, p < 0.001) [ 14 – 46 ]. In this study, age was statistically significant (SMD = 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.82 of which OR = 3.06, 95 % CI: 2.18–4.40; I 2 = 97 %; p < 0.001) [ 14 – 25 , 27 – 46 ]. Of all articles included in this study, the mean age of patients with severe affection was higher than that of patients with non-severe affection, except for the studies of Takacs et al, 2023 and Xu et al, 2023 [ 36 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In Fig. 5 , our results indicate that shock with an OR of 28.08 (95 % CI: 19,99–78,41; I 2 = 86 %, p < 0.001) [ 18 , 21 , 24 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 41 ], acute kidney injury (AKI) with OR = 16.91 (95 % CI: 1.87–152.45; I 2 = 63 %; p = 0.07) [ 18 , 21 , 38 , 40 ] and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with OR = 13.09 (95 % IC: 5.87–29.18; I 2 = 94 %, P < 0.001) [ 14 , 18 , 21 , 23 – 25 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 38 , 40 , 43 ] were the principal complications associated with severe and life threatening disease in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the aforementioned complications, cardiac rhythm disturbance (arrhythmia) (OR = 7.47; 95 % CI: 2.96–18.83; I 2 = 34 %, p = 0.20) [ 14 , 18 , 24 , 30 , 38 ] was one of the complications associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease in some patients, although the result was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact and prevalence of comorbidities and complications on the severity of COVID-19 in association with age, gender, obesity, and pre-existing smoking: A meta-analysis

Djorwé,

Bousfiha,

Nzoyikorera

et al. 2024

BioMedicine

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Background COVID-19 patients usually present multiple comorbidities and complications associated with severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prevalence of comorbidities and complications contributing to the severity of COVID-19. Methods This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus (between 2020 and 2023), for eligible studies for this meta-analysis. Results Thirty-three studies were eligible, including 85,812 patients, of which 36 % (30,634/85,812) had severe disease, whereas 64 % (55,178/85,812) had non-severe disease. Severe cases were potentially correlated with the following factors: gender (male) (odd ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.34–1.73), advanced age (OR = 3.06, 95 % CI: 2.18–4.40) pre-existing smoking (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.75), obesity (OR = 2.11, 95 % CI: 1.47–3.04), diabetes (OR = 1.81, 95 % CI: 1.35–2.43), hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.72–2.87), coronary heart disease (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.42–3.31), CKD (OR = 2.27, 95 % CI: 1.26–4.06), COPD (OR = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.22–3.09), malignancy (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.07–2.49) and cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.76, 95 % CI: 1.63–4.62). All these comorbidities were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 group compared with the non-severe COVID-19 group. In addition, the most severe complications were associated with shock (OR = 28.08, 95 % CI: 3.49–226.03), ARDS (OR = 13.09, 95 % CI: 5.87–29.18), AKI (OR = 16.91, 95 % CI: 1.87–152.45) and arrhythmia (OR = 7.47, 95 % CI: 2.96–18.83). However, these complications were the most likely to prevent recovery in patients with severe affections compared with non-severe affection groups. Conclusion All the comorbidities and complications listed above are more likely to cause severe forms of COVID-19 in some patients and hinder recovery. They are therefore risk factors to be controlled to minimize the undesirable effects of the disease.

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“…It was reported that several laboratory tests, such as WBC count, platelet count, and C-reactive protein (CRP), are helpful to predict whether COVID-19 patients are likely to be admitted to the ICU [ 35 , 37 ]. Patients with a high WBC count and CRP are at a higher risk of severe disease and being admitted to the ICU [ 37 , 38 ]. Our results indicate an association between elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts with the severity of the disease and admission to the ICU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission for COVID-19 Patients from Laboratory Results

Allarakia¹,

Gattan

Abdeen

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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Trends in routine laboratory tests, such as high white blood cell and low platelet counts, correlate with COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Other related biomarkers include elevated troponin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase levels (liver function tests). To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in laboratory test parameters on ward-based and ICU COVID-19 patients. A total of 280 COVID-19 patients were included in the study and were divided based on admission status into ICU (37) or ward (243) patients. ICU admission correlated significantly with higher levels of several tested parameters, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, D-dimer, creatine kinase, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count. In conclusion, routine laboratory tests offer an indication of which COVID-19 patients are most likely to be admitted to the ICU. These associations can assist healthcare providers in addressing the needs of patients who are at risk of COVID-19 complications.

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe disease and outcome of patients with COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

Impact and prevalence of comorbidities and complications on the severity of COVID-19 in association with age, gender, obesity, and pre-existing smoking: A meta-analysis

Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission for COVID-19 Patients from Laboratory Results

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