Clinical characteristics and significance of Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and Streptococcus bovis bacteremia: a prospective 16-year study

Corredoira, Juan; Alonso, Marı́a Pilar; García, J.F.; Casariego, Emilio; Coira, Amparo; Rodriguez, A.; Pita, J.; Louzao, C.; Pombo, B.; López, María Jesús Martín; Varela, J.

doi:10.1007/s10096-005-1314-x

Cited by 99 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Eight patients had underlying chronic liver disease (5 with chronic hepatitis C and 1 each with primary sclerosing cholangitis, alcoholic liver disease, and cryptogenic cirrhosis); 1 patient had fulminant hepatic failure of unknown cause. The median Child-Turcotte-Pugh score of patients with chronic liver disease was 10 (range, 6-10), and the median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 17 (range, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1 study, 68% of the isolates were considered either contaminants or of unclear significance. 13 There are case reports of S salivarius infection involving the eyes, 14 the endocardium, 15 the bloodstream in neutropenic patients, 16,17 and the central nervous system in patients with neoplasia or iatrogenia. 18,19 There are few reports of S salivarius SBP in patients with underlying liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another patient had a second episode of SBP with a quinolone-sensitive organism after receiving cefotaxime for 5 days during the first episode and weekly ciprofloxacin prophylaxis thereafter. Corredoira et al 13 reported that 51% of S salivarius isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 29% to clindamycin, 22% to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and 7% to cefotaxime. Furthermore, they reported a greater rate of resistance of S salivarius to penicillin (31%) compared with other members of VGS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplantation candidates

et al. 2007

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Bacterial infections are a serious complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) that occurs in 20% to 60% of patients. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with ESLD who were identified by our microbiology laboratory as having Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia. Of 592 patients listed for transplantation between January 1998 and January 2006, 9 (1.5%) had 10 episodes of S salivarius bacteremia. Of 2 patients already receiving quinolone prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 1 later presented with a second episode. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2. Medians for age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score were 50 years, 17, and 10, respectively. Presenting symptoms and signs in 10 episodes of infection were ascites (in 8 episodes), elevated temperature (6), abdominal pain (5) Bacterial infections are a common and serious complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Their prevalence has been reported to range from 20 to 60%. 1,2 They are associated with increased morbidity and overall in-hospital mortality.1,2 Proposed mechanisms for increased risk of infection are changes in humoral immunity with a decreased synthesis in the complement system, 3 a decrease in the phagocytosis capability of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system, 4 an alteration in the function of neutrophils, 5,6 and a reduction in opsonic activity of ascitic fluid. 7 In addition, rupture of natural barriers induced by invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures may be involved in the pathogenesis of infections.Commonly observed infections in cirrhotic patients are pneumonia, urinary tract infection, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and bacteremia. Most of these infections are community acquired. In 1 series, two-thirds of the episodes were caused by gram-negative bacteria, 21% by gram-positive bacteria, and 3% by anaerobic bacteria. 8 In a more recent series of 117 cases of bacteremia, about one-half of the infections were caused by gram-negative bacteria and about onehalf by gram-positive bacteria. 9 We have encountered cases of S salivarius bacteremia among patients listed for liver transplantation at our tertiary care academic medical institution. Herein, we present our experience with this infection in patients with ESLD who were managed at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODSAfter we encountered 2 liver transplantation candidates with S salivarius bacteremia, we reviewed the electronic Abbreviations: ESLD, end-stage liver disease; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; VGS, viridans group streptococci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplantation candidates

et al. 2007

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“…The or ganism has now been renamed S. gallolyticus (S. bovis biotype I), S. infantarius (S. bovis biotype II/1), and S. pasteuranius (S. bovis biotype II/2) (3), changes that have furthered knowledge about the clinical behavior of this organism and the associated conditions. S. bovis I classically causes infective endocarditis and primary bacteremia, and its link with colorectal carcinoma is well established (4)(5)(6)(7). S. bovis II is associated with chronic liver disease, and cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis have also been reported (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Streptococcus Bovis Peritonitis Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis—A Review of 10 Years’ Experience

Yap

Yip

et al. 2012

Perit Dial Int

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♦ Objective: An association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with carcinoma of colon has been reported, but data regarding peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis caused by S. bovis is scarce. In this study, we examined the clinical characteristics, associations, and outcomes of this disease entity. ♦ Methods: The case records of patients with S. bovis PD peritonitis presenting to 2 renal centers between January 2000 and September 2010 were reviewed. Clinical features and outcomes were identified and analyzed. ♦ Results: Of cultures from 23 episodes of S. bovis peritonitis in 20 patients (1.28% of all peritonitis episodes at our center), 19 (82.6%) showed S. bovis alone, and 4 (17.4%) showed mixed growth. In 7 episodes, the S. bovis was moderately resistant to penicillin G. Rates of resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin were 43.5% and 47.8% respectively. In 18 episodes (78.3%), a primary response was achieved with a first-generation cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside. In 4 episodes, a secondary response was achieved after a switch from cephalosporin to vancomycin, and in 1 episode with mixed growth, the Tenckhoff catheter had to be removed. Repeat peritonitis occurred in 3 patients at a mean of 50.0 months (range: 24.2 -83.1 months). Of the 20 patients of S. bovis peritonitis, 10 (50%) underwent either a barium enema or a colonoscopy. One patient had history of colonic carcinoma 2 years before the peritonitis, and a subsequent work-up revealed no recurrence. Three patients had diverticulosis, and one had a concomitant sigmoid polyp. Findings in the other 6 patients were normal. No colorectal malignancy had developed in the remaining 10 patients after a mean follow-up of 76.6 months (range: 0.8 -125.1 months). ♦ Conclusions: Outcomes in S. bovis PD peritonitis were favorable, and an association with colorectal cancer was not found in our patients. Routine colonoscopy in these patients remains controversial and should be individualized.

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“…The association of S. bovis biotype II is less known. A few studies have related biliary tract infections and cirrhotic bacteremia (1,5,6,8).Extensive taxonomic changes have occurred in this group, and strains formerly known as human S. bovis isolates are now designated different species (2, 7). Thus, in human pathology today, there are two species of principal interest: Streptococcus gallolyticus, with the subspecies gallolyticus (formerly S. bovis I) and pasteurianus (formerly S. bovis II/2), and Streptococcus infantarius (formerly S. bovis II/1), with the subspecies coli and infantarius.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between Streptococcus infantarius (Formerly S. bovis II/1) Bacteremia and Noncolonic Cancer

Corredoira¹,

Alonso

Coira

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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Association between Streptococcus infantarius (Formerly S. bovis II/1) Bacteremia and Noncolonic Cancer ᰔThe association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colon tumors has been known since the late 1970s (3). Later, it was established that this association corresponded to biotype I (6). The association of S. bovis biotype II is less known. A few studies have related biliary tract infections and cirrhotic bacteremia (1,5,6,8).Extensive taxonomic changes have occurred in this group, and strains formerly known as human S. bovis isolates are now designated different species (2, 7). Thus, in human pathology today, there are two species of principal interest: Streptococcus gallolyticus, with the subspecies gallolyticus (formerly S. bovis I) and pasteurianus (formerly S. bovis II/2), and Streptococcus infantarius (formerly S. bovis II/1), with the subspecies coli and infantarius.We have studied all the S. bovis bacteremias prospectively over 20 years (1988 to 2007). The identification was determined by the API 20 strep method (bioMérieux, MarcylЈEtoile, France), and since 2005, we have used, in addition, the GP card of the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-lЈEtoile, France). Over this period, we have found 133 bacteremias, 90 caused by S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, 15 by S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, and 28 by S. infantarius.The association of colon tumors with S. gallolyticus was 48.5% (51 of 105) versus 11% (3 of 28) for S. infantarius (P Ͻ 0.0003). Nevertheless, for noncolonic cancer the association was 6% (6 of 105) for S. gallolyticus versus 57% (16 of 28) for S. infantarius (P Ͻ 0.0001). Of these 16 noncolonic cancers associated with S. infantarius, 12 (75%) were of the digestive tract (fundamentally pancreas and biliary tract), 9 of them appearing as cholangitis.In an extensive review of the literature carried out by Klein et al. (4), no association between S. bovis and noncolonic digestive cancers was found, although at that time, the biotypes of the strains were not considered. New studies are needed to confirm our findings, in which we observe a strong association of S. infantarius with noncolonic digestive cancers.

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Clinical characteristics and significance of Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and Streptococcus bovis bacteremia: a prospective 16-year study

Cited by 99 publications

References 35 publications

Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplantation candidates

Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplantation candidates

Streptococcus Bovis Peritonitis Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis—A Review of 10 Years’ Experience

Association between Streptococcus infantarius (Formerly S. bovis II/1) Bacteremia and Noncolonic Cancer

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