To date, the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is undetermined.
Disturbance of intestinal gut microbiota was implicated in many health diseases,
including IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that probiotics play a beneficial role
in restoring the balance of the gut ecosystem. This review searched multiple databases
for relevant works that examined probiotics' possible benefits in adults with IBD. Probiotic
mode of action in ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn's disease were examined
with respect to probiotic strain, their benefits, and their advantages in adult cases. Eligible
studies for inclusion were assessed and analyzed. They were effective in reducing
IBD disease course, inducing and maintaining remission, particularly for ulcerative colitis
patients, with good efficacy and safety profile. However, the evidence for Crohn's disease
was lacking. Probiotics positively affect IBD-related risks, reducing the risk of gastrointestinal
malignancy and optimizing treating them. Additionally, they improved reduced
fertility odds for both genders. The osteoporosis risk among IBD patients was also
reduced, although the duration of use and dose were still not established. There was
an encouraging role for them in reducing IBD -cardiovascular risks among cases with
acute myocardial infarction and those with chronic heart failure. Finally, they had novel
use in reducing IBD-related depression and improved overall mental health. In conclusion,
we recommend probiotics as an adjuvant therapeutic option for IBD therapy for ulcerative
colitis; however, their role in Crohn's disease needs further research.