Clinical Characteristics Associated with Conjunctival Inflammation in Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Gelardi, Matteo; Leo, Maria Eleonora; Quaranta, Vitaliano Nicola; Iannuzzi, Lucia; Tripodi, Salvatore; Quaranta, Nicola; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Passalacqua, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.01.006

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, nasal cytology plays an important research role in the evaluation of effect of noxious stimuli, outcomes of treatments, effects of allergen immunotherapy and pathogenic aspects of comorbidities . The major unmet need, so far, is its standardization to use a reproducible methodology …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal cytology: Methodology with application to clinical practice and research

Heffler

Landi

Caruso

et al. 2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Nasal cytology is an easy, cheap, non-invasive and point-of-care method to assess nasal inflammation and disease-specific cellular features. By means of nasal cytology, it is possible to distinguish between different inflammatory patterns that are typically associated with specific diseases (ie, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis). Its use is particularly relevant when other clinical information, such as signs, symptoms, time-course and allergic sensitizations, is not enough to recognize which of the different rhinitis phenotypes is involved; for example, it is only by means of nasal cytology that it is possible to distinguish, among the non-allergic rhinitis, those characterized by eosinophilic (NARES), mast cellular (NARMA), mixed eosinophilic-mast cellular (NARESMA) or neutrophilic (NARNE) inflammation. Despite its clinical usefulness, cheapness, non-invasiveness and easiness, nasal cytology is still underused and this is at least partially due to the fact that, as far as now, there is not a consensus or an official recommendation on its methodological issues. We here review the scientific literature about nasal cytology, giving recommendations on how to perform and interpret nasal cytology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal cytology: Methodology with application to clinical practice and research

Heffler

Landi

Caruso

et al. 2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is mainly caused by hypersensitivity to specific aeroallergens, leading to local IgE synthesis and histamine release . Consequently, the affected children develop inflammatory symptoms in upper airway mucosa and conjunctiva, resulting in rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, chronic or repeated sneezing, watery red eyes, and itchiness arisen from the nasal and ocular regions . While current medications aid temporary symptomatic relief, ARC is not curable and poses severe impact on the quality of life of the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ocular and nasopharyngeal microbiome in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Yau

Hou

Tsui

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is a prevalent allergic condition in the pediatric population. Microbial dysbiosis has increasingly been recognized to influence on host immunity and allergic diseases. However, the microbial profile of ARC has not been characterized. This cross‐sectional study aims to evaluate the changes in nasal and ocular surface microbiome of children with ARC. Methods Ocular and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from controls and pediatric ARC cases for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The bacterial community profile was analyzed. The correlation of the microbial diversity with the ARC‐related clinical scores was studied. Results A total of 23 patients with ARC and 17 healthy controls were recruited;30 were ocular samples (15 controls vs 15 ARC), while 40 were nasal samples (17controls vs 23 ARC) The alpha diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiome was significantly higher in ARC patients than healthy controls (P < 0.01), but not for ocular microbiome. The clinical scores in all subjects were negatively correlated with the Shannon diversity for ocular (P = 0.014) and positively correlated with nasopharyngeal (P = 0.010) microbiome. While the ocular microbiome remained significantly distinct from nasopharyngeal microbiome in terms of both alpha and beta diversity in both healthy subjects and ARC patients, significant differences of relative abundance of certain phyla (Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Deinococcus‐Thermus) and genera (Dolosigranulum and Moraxella) between nasal and ocular surfaces were only detected in healthy controls, but not in the ARC subjects, suggesting the microbial composition at both body sites becoming more similar at disease state. Conclusion This study reported (a) a higher alpha diversity in ocular than nasopharyngeal microbiome in both ARC patients and controls, and (b) nasopharyngeal microbiome became more diverse in ARC patients than in controls. Our results suggested an interaction of the microbiome between ocular and nasal compartments in patients with ARC.

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“…In fact, in a recent series, 80% of patients with symptomatic AC had no evidence of conjunctival inflammation, while over half had nasal inflammation only. It was postulated that neurogenic mediators could explain this disconnect between ocular symptoms (especially itching) and detectable inflammatory conjunctival infiltration [34].…”

Section: Ocular Symptoms Deriving From Neurogenic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%