Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Dr. Agoesdjam Regional Public Hospital, Ketapang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has spread to almost all countries with increasing cases, including Indonesia. Data on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Subjects and Method:This study was a descriptive study with a retrospective design conducted in Dr. Agoesdjam Regional Public Hospital. The data were obtained from the medical records of all patients with confirmed COVID-19 from April 1 to July 31, 2020. There were 50 patients as the sample of the study. The data collected were demographics, exposure history, smoking status, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, outcomes, drug therapy, laboratory, chest X-ray, and electrocardiography (ECG). This study used descriptive statistics. Results: The patients on average aged 34.8 years (Mean= 34.8; SD= 14.0). Patients were dominated by the 30-39 years age group (28%) and men (56%). More than a third of patients (36%) were health workers. Most of the cases were local transmission (78%). Almost half of the patients (48%) were smokers. The most common comorbid was hypertension (12%). The dominant clinical symptoms were cough (34%), dyspnea (14%), and fever (10%). More than half of the patients (58%) were asymptomatic. The mortality rate was 2%. All patients received supportive therapy. Azithromycin was the most potential drug given (30%). Abnormal laboratory findings included leukocytosis (18%), neutrophilia (20%), lymphopenia (28%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (32%), alanine aminotransferase (36%), and aspartate aminotransferase (18%). Abnormal chest X-ray was found in 10% of patients. Among the 22 patients who were examined on the ECG, the abnormal figures were found in 40.9% of patients with non-specific findings. Conclusion:The COVID-19 patients in this study are dominated by young adults and men. Asymptomatic and mild symptoms are more common. The symptoms that are often complained of are coughing, dyspnea, and fever. The common laboratory abnormalities were leucocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated liver enzymes. The most common chest X-ray abnormality is consolidation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and control are the main priorities. In addition, the level of public awareness must be raised.