Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness during influenza seasons in the cities of Bogota and Manizales, Colombia 2000-2006

Cotes, Karol; Moreno‐Montoya, José; Porras-Ramírez, Alexandra; Rico-Mendoza, Alejandro; Hoz-Restrepo, Fernando De la

doi:10.1590/s0124-00642012000100011

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Two additional factors may have influenced the low incidence and mortality rates: weather and demographic profile. In Colombia, peaks of respiratory virus transmission and related mortality occur mostly during rainy seasons ( Porras Ramírez et al, 2009 , Cotes et al, 2012 ). However, since October 2019, the country has experienced an unusually longer dry season that has extended through June 2020 (El Tiempo, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Hoz-Restrepo¹,

Alvis-Zakzuk²,

Gomez³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Colombia detected its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on March 2, 2020. From March 22 to April 25, it implemented a national lockdown that, apparently, allowed the country to keep a low incidence and mortality rate up to mid-May. Forced by the economic losses, the government then opened many commercial activities, which was followed by an increase in cases and deaths. This paper presents a critical analysis of the Colombian surveillance data in order to identify strengths and pitfalls of the control measures. Methods: A descriptive analysis of PCR-confirmed cases between March and July 25 was performed. Data were described according to the level of measurement. Incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were estimated by age, sex, and geographical area. Sampling rates for suspected cases were estimated by geographical area, and the potential for case underestimation was assessed using sampling differences. Results: By July 25, Colombia (population 50 372 424) had reported 240 745 cases and 8269 deaths (case fatality rate of 3.4%). A total of 1 370 271 samples had been analyzed (27 405 samples per million people), with a positivity rate of 17%. Sampling rates per million varied by region from 2664 to 158 681 per million, and consequently the incidence and mortality rates also varied. Due to geographical variations in surveillance capacity, Colombia may have overlooked up to 82% of the actual cases. Conclusion: Colombia has a lower case and mortality incidence compared to other South American countries. This may be an effect of the lockdown, but may also be attributed, to some extent, to geographical differences in surveillance capacity. Indigenous populations with little health infrastructure have been hit the hardest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Hoz-Restrepo¹,

Alvis-Zakzuk²,

Gomez³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The composite OR for conditions identified by Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) as high-risk conditions for influenza complications, including chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, asthma, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, immunosuppression, aspirin therapy, hemoglobinopathies and renal disease, were reported separately from the composite OR of all other chronic diseases. 48 In the multivariable model adjusted for age and social security system affiliation scheme, ORs for mechanical ventilation and mortality were 7.40 (95% CI: 2.90–19.30) and 30.0 (95% CI: 7.40–120.90) respectively for children with ACIP identified conditions who were hospitalized for influenza. For children with non-ACIP-identified conditions compared to their peers, ORs for mechanical ventilation and mortality were 3.10 (95% CI: 1.20–8.50) and 10.60 (95% CI: 2.60–42.90), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In our review, 27 of the included studies reported risk factors for poor outcomes among children with RSV-associated ALRI, 17,22–47 2 studies reported data for influenza, 48,49 and 1 study for SARS-CoV-2. 50 Therefore, we only carried out meta-analysis and subgroup analysis for RSV-associated ALRI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the included studies summarized data on 173,990 children with ALRI. Of a maximum score of 14, the quality of the studies ranged from 5 to 11 with a median of 8 (see details in In our review, 27 of the included studies reported risk factors for poor outcomes among children with RSV-associated ALRI, 17, 2 studies reported data for influenza, 48,49 and 1 study for SARS-CoV-2. 50 Therefore, we only carried out meta-analysis and subgroup analysis for RSV-associated ALRI.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Virus-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Trusinska,

Zin,

Sandoval

et al. 2024

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) caused by respiratory viruses is among the most common causes of hospitalization and mortality in children. We aimed to identify risk factors for poor outcomes in children <5 years old hospitalized with ALRI caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We searched Embase, Medline and Global Health databases and included observational studies reporting risk factors for poor outcomes (defined as use of supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, prolonged hospital stay and mortality) published between January 2011 and January 2023. Two authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes and risk factors. Due to limited data, meta-analyses were only conducted for RSV-ALRI poor outcome risk factors using random effects model when there were at least 3 studies. Results: We included 30 studies. For RSV-related ALRI, significant risk factors based on meta-analysis were: neurological disease [odds ratio (OR): 6.14; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 2.39–15.77], Down’s syndrome (5.43; 3.02–9.76), chronic lung disease (3.64; 1.31–10.09), immunocompromised status (3.41; 1.85–6.29), prematurity (2.98; 1.93–4.59), congenital heart disease (2.80; 1.84–4.24), underlying disease (2.45; 1.94–3.09), age <2 months (2.29; 1.78–2.94), age <6 months (2.08; 1.81–2.39), viral coinfection (2.01; 1.27–3.19), low birth weight (1.88; 1.19–2.95) and being underweight (1.80; 1.38–2.35). For influenza-related ALRI, chronic conditions and age 6–24 months were identified as risk factors for poor outcomes. Cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure were reported as risk factors for mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 associated ALRI. Conclusions: These findings might contribute to the development of guidelines for prophylaxis and management of ALRI caused by RSV, influenza and SARS-CoV-2.

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“…RSV transmission pattern in Cali is differentiable from that described in national conglomerates and data exclusively from Bogotá, although some characteristics of the main transmission season are common. In Bogotá, where historically more data are captured by SIVIGILA, 34 RSV prevalence ranges between 30% and 52%, with onsets correlated with the first rainy season, during the months of March‐May 16 . Bogotá has an average temperature of 13.1°C and relative humidity ranging from 77% to 83%, whereas some other main cities in the country are coastal or inter‐Andean, with average temperatures above 20°C and longer dry seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus genotypes in Cali, Colombia

Londono-Avendano

Peláez‐Moreno

Medina

et al. 2021

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Colombia's climatological variety, added to pathogen diversity, creates local niches for infectious diseases. In Bogotá, respiratory syncytial virus causes 30%‐52% of the cases of respiratory infections. In coastal or inter‐Andean cities with higher temperature and longer dry seasons, frequency of this virus is 7%‐13%. By 2017, increased hospitalizations due to airway infections occurred in regions whose weather is differently influenced by “El Niño Southern Oscillation” than in Bogotá, although microbial diversity might have also been involved. Methods For Cali, an inter‐Andean city with warm tropical weather, records of respiratory syncytial virus from 2014 to 2018, in children two years old or younger, were analyzed, and genotypes transmitted during 2016‐2017 were identified based on partial sequences of glycoprotein G. Results Most cases of respiratory syncytial virus in Cali occur in the first semesters, with peaks expressed around March‐April, without a clear association with pluviosity. Unlike the biannual rotating pattern of Bogotá, co‐circulation of types A and B was detected. As years pass, transmission seasons are becoming longer and frequencies of the virus augment. The viral genotypes identified follow international trends with dominance of Ontario and Buenos Aires clades. Similar to other isolates in these clades, viruses from Cali exhibit glycosylation variability that may account for their fitness. Conclusions The pattern of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in Cali differs from that in Bogotá. Its epidemiology is shifting and will remain so with the advent of novel respiratory diseases. This may impact the introduction of vaccination schemes for these or other respiratory viruses.

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Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness during influenza seasons in the cities of Bogota and Manizales, Colombia 2000-2006

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Virus-associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus genotypes in Cali, Colombia

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