Clinical characteristics of trigeminal nerve injury referrals to a university centre

A Survey of the Opinion and Experience of UK Dentists

“…The incidence of dental implant related nerve sensory damage (NSD) has been shown to be as high as 40% in past studies [8,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] although at least one prospective large cohort study has shown that risk of TG injuries can be eliminated with meticulous attention to planning and observing good surgical protocols. [61] Nevertheless, the large variation in the reported incidence of NSD suggests that this serious complication of dental implant surgery has not yet been adequately evaluated and reported.…”

“…[1][2][3] TG injuries are characterized by neurosensory disturbances, such as pain, numbness or altered tingling-type sensations (paraesthesia), within the teeth, skin and the mucosa. [4][5][6][7] The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mental nerve (MN) and the lingual nerve (LN) are the most commonly damaged nerves during dental implant treatment [6,[8][9][10][11][12] with some studies reporting an incidence rate of up to 40% of nerve damage following implant placement surgery in the mandible related to the depth and the width of the implant bed preparation. [8,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Local anesthetic injections also cause TG damage due to mechanical or chemical injury.…”

“…[4][5][6][7] The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mental nerve (MN) and the lingual nerve (LN) are the most commonly damaged nerves during dental implant treatment [6,[8][9][10][11][12] with some studies reporting an incidence rate of up to 40% of nerve damage following implant placement surgery in the mandible related to the depth and the width of the implant bed preparation. [8,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Local anesthetic injections also cause TG damage due to mechanical or chemical injury. [8,20,[24][25][26][27] Hemorrhage within the inferior dental canal (IDC) can cause chemical nerve injury (related to the iron content in the hemoglobin directly irritating the nerve tissue), or damage due to direct mechanical pressure and indirect ischaemia.…”

“…[8,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Local anesthetic injections also cause TG damage due to mechanical or chemical injury. [8,20,[24][25][26][27] Hemorrhage within the inferior dental canal (IDC) can cause chemical nerve injury (related to the iron content in the hemoglobin directly irritating the nerve tissue), or damage due to direct mechanical pressure and indirect ischaemia. [25,[27][28][29] TG injury may also be caused by bone graft harvesting, [30] third molar surgery, endodontics, ablative surgery, trauma, thermal stimuli and ischaemia, and orthognathic surgery, or a combination of these etiologies.…”

“…[25,[27][28][29] TG injury may also be caused by bone graft harvesting, [30] third molar surgery, endodontics, ablative surgery, trauma, thermal stimuli and ischaemia, and orthognathic surgery, or a combination of these etiologies. [3,4,8,11,27,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Iatrogenic TG injuries may result in a neurological deficit ranging from total loss of sensation (anesthesia) to a mild decrease in feeling (mild hypoesthesia), troublesome altered sensation (dysesthesia). [4,21,[38][39][40][41] whereby up to 70% of the affected patients can have pain.…”