Clinical concentrations of peroxidases cause dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms

Herrero, Esteban Rodríguez; Boon, Nico; Bernaerts, Kristel; Slomka, Vera; Verspecht, Tim; Quirynen, Marc; Teughels, Wim

doi:10.1111/jre.12534

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, elevated concentration of MPO itself can reinforce pathogenic challenge or gingival inflammation. A recent study suggested that high a concentration of MPO can contribute to dysbiosis of the gingival sulcus microbiome [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Gingivitis in Human: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hong

Pae

Song

et al. 2020

JCM

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Diagnoses based on oral fluid biomarkers have been introduced to overcome limitations of periodontal probe-based diagnoses. Diagnostic ability of certain biomarkers for periodontitis have been identified and widely studied, however, such studies targeting gingivitis is scarce. The aims of this study were to determine and compare the efficacies and accuracies of eight biomarkers in diagnosing gingivitis with the aid of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were examined in 100 participants. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using paper points, and whole-saliva samples were collected using cotton roll. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the different biomarkers. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, lactoferrin, cystatin C, myeloperoxidase (MPO), platelet-activating factor, cathepsin B, and pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen were analyzed. MPO and MMP-8 levels in saliva were strongly correlated with gingivitis, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.399 and 0.217, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was largest for MMP-8, at 0.814, followed by values of 0.793 and 0.777 for MPO and MMP-9, respectively. The clinical parameters of GI and PI showed strong correlations and large AUC values, whereas PD and CAL did not. MMP-8 and MPO were found to be effective for diagnosing gingivitis. Further investigations based on the results of this study may identify clinically useful biomarkers for the accurate and early detection of gingivitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Gingivitis in Human: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hong

Pae

Song

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…In this system, L-arginine was able to increase the pH of the biofilm, as expected, but it had the added benefit of increasing the production of H 2 O 2 by S. gordonii as well. Conversely, in a 14-species biofilm model containing both H 2 O 2 -producing streptococci and periodontopathogens, the addition of clinically relevant concentrations of the H 2 O 2 -inactivating enzymes myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, and erythrocyte catalase strongly favored the growth of the periodontopathogens at the expense of the commensals 108 . Overall, there is ample clinical and experimental evidence establishing a clear inverse correlation between the abundance of H 2 O 2 produced in an oral biofilm community and the prevalence of pathobionts.…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Biofilm Ecologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome

Redanz

Xing

Giacaman

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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The majority of commensal oral streptococci are able to generate hydrogen peroxide (H O ) during aerobic growth, which can diffuse through the cell membrane and inhibit competing species in close proximity. Competing H O production is mainly dependent upon the pyruvate oxidase SpxB, and to a lesser extent the lactate oxidase LctO, both of which are important for energy generation in aerobic environments. Several studies point to a broad impact of H O production in the oral environment, including a potential role in biofilm homeostasis, signaling, and interspecies interactions. Here, we summarize the current research regarding oral streptococcal H O generation, resistance mechanisms, and the ecological impact of H O production. We also discuss the potential therapeutic utility of H O for the prevention/treatment of dysbiotic diseases as well as its potential role as a biomarker of oral health.

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“…However, this growth inhibition is counteracted by enzymes that use hydrogen peroxide as substrate, such as myeloperoxidase and catalase, both of which are elevated in the gingival crevicular fluid during periodontitis (myeloperoxidase can be released by neutrophils and catalase from erythrocytes through the action of bacterial hemolysins). 169,170 Peroxidases, therefore, can potentially contribute to dysbiosis (Figure 4).…”

Section: Homeos Tati C Commen Sal S: S Tab Iliz Ation Of He Alth -Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi‐organismal nature and dialogue with the host

Hajishengallis

Lamont

2021

Periodontology 2000

159

120

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In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter‐microbial and host‐microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive‐feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi‐organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual “causative pathogens” but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.

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Clinical concentrations of peroxidases cause dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms

Abstract: Commensal species suppress pathobionts by producing H O . Catalase and peroxidases, at clinically relevant concentrations, can neutralize this effect and thereby can contribute to dysbiosis by allowing the outgrowth of pathobionts.

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Gingivitis in Human: A Cross-Sectional Study

Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Gingivitis in Human: A Cross-Sectional Study

Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome

Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi‐organismal nature and dialogue with the host

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