Clinical confirmation of organophosphate poisoning of agricultural workers

Coye, Molly Joel; Barnett, Paul G.; Midtling, John E.; Velasco, Antonio R.; Romero, Pablo Ortiz; Clements, Charlie L.; OʼMalley, Michael; Tobin, Michael W.; Lowry, Larry K.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700100407

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In practice, this was difficult to do because the farmers worked all through the year. According to Coye et al (1986), a period of at least 30 days must separate the baseline determination from the farmer's last exposure to a ChE-inhibiting compound. This was difficult to achieve due to the farmers' commitment to their duties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Ntow

Tagoe

Drechsel

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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A survey was undertaken to establish the extent of pesticide exposure in a farming community. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in whole blood was used as a marker for assessing exposure to pesticides. Complete data were gathered for 63 farmers at Akumadan (exposed) and 58 control subjects at Tono, both prominent vegetable-farming communities in Ghana, by means of a questionnaire and blood cholinesterase analyses (acetylcholine assay). Although whole-blood ChE was significantly lower in the exposed than the control participants, it was not significantly correlated with either confounders of age, sex, body weight, and height or high-risks practices. The high-risks practices revealed during the survey included lack of use of personal protective clothing, short reentry intervals, and wrong direction of spraying of pesticides by hand or knapsack sprayer. About 97% of exposed participants had experienced symptoms attributable to pesticide exposure. The frequent symptoms were reported as weakness and headache. There is the need to review safety precautions in the use and application of pesticides in Ghana.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Ntow

Tagoe

Drechsel

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…The present study did show, by direct observation, those features of exposure associated with an increased risk of poisoning, some of which may be affected by intervention, for example, dermal exposure [especially when spills occur on hare skin and absorptive clothing and when unwashed garments are reused (24,25)], the frequency of exposure (26), the relative potency of the pesticides used (27), and the simultaneous use of two or more organophosphate and carbarnate pesticides. Of interest, and yet unexplained, are the positive correlations between these variables suggesting that some farmers are less cautious and others more cautious in all aspects of spraying.…”

Section: Relationship Of Pesticide Spraying To Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of pesticide spraying to signs and symptoms in Indonesian farmers

Kishi¹,

Hirschhorn²,

Djajadisastra³

et al. 1995

Scand J Work Environ Health

174

122

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“…In practice, this was difficult to do since the farmers worked all through the year. According to Coye et al (1986) a period of at least 30 days must separate the baseline determination from the farmer's last exposure to a cholinesterase-inhibiting compound. This was difficult to achieve due to the farmers' commitment to their duties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

Ntow¹

2008

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema PO Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Pub. NL@tandf.co.uk www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk, To the memory of Dr. Akosua Werekoa (aka Awo), this thesis is dedicated to her, my wife, Mrs Bernice Worlanyo Ntow and my parents, Francis Andrews Ntow andMargaret Kyei (Yaa Saah), whom God has used to bring me this far. Contents AcknowledgementsChapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana 9Chapter 3 Dissipation of endosulfan in field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cropped soil at Akumadan 27Chapter 4The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams at Akumadan and Tono 43Chapter 5 Occupational exposure to pesticides: blood cholinesterase activity in farmers at Akumadan 57Chapter Introduction GeneralWorldwide pesticide usage has increased tremendously since the 1960s. It has largely been responsible for the "green revolution", i.e. the massive increase in food production obtained from the same surface of land with the help of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), more efficient machinery and intensive irrigation. The use of pesticides helped to significantly reduce crop losses and to improve the yield of crops such as corn, maize, vegetables, potatoes and cotton. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health have been well documented worldwide and constitute a major issue that gives rise to concerns at local, regional, national and global scales (Planas et al., 1997; Huber et al., 2000; Kidd et al., 2001; Cerejeira et al., 2003). Residues of pesticides contaminate soils and water, persist in the crops, enter the food chain, and finally are ingested by humans with foodstuffs and water. Furthermore, pesticides can be held responsible for contributing to biodiversity losses and deterioration of natural habitats (Sattler et al., 2006). There have been reported instances of pest resurgence, development of resistance to pesticides, secondary pest outbreaks and destruction of non-target species. Despite the fact that pesticides are also applied in other sectors, agriculture can undoubtedly be seen as the most important source of adverse effects (Hoyer and Kratz, 2001; cited in Sattler et al., 2006).The application of different pesticides varies with the region. For instance, in North Ameri...

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Clinical confirmation of organophosphate poisoning of agricultural workers

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Relationship of pesticide spraying to signs and symptoms in Indonesian farmers

The Use and Fate of Pesticides in Vegetable-Based Agro-Ecosystems in Ghana

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