Clinical Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia‐Associated Proteinuria in Miniature Schnauzers

Smith, Rachel; Granick, Jennifer L.; Stauthammer, Christopher D.; Polzin, David J.; Heinrich, Daniel A.; Furrow, Eva

doi:10.1111/jvim.14833

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus, further studies are warranted to evaluate if macrophage and neutrophil hyperactivity accounts for the increased serum S100/calgranulin concentrations in MS with IH. Further research also is warranted to determine whether this presumed low‐grade inflammatory phenotype in MS with IH contributes to or reflects the development of possible complications of IH, and to test the alternative hypothesis that the hypercalprotectinemia in MS with IH reflects an anti‐inflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers

Heilmann

Xenoulis

Müller

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Idiopathic hyperlipidemia (IH) is a common condition in Miniature Schnauzers (MS). Studies in people have linked IH to low‐grade inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IH complications. The role of inflammation in MS with IH is unknown. Objective Evaluation of the inflammatory markers serum calprotectin and S100A12 in MS with IH and in response to dietary intervention for IH management. Animals One‐hundred fifty clinically healthy MS. Methods Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, calprotectin, and S100A12 concentrations were measured before and after placing the dogs on an ultra‐low fat diet. Results Hypertriglyceridemia (HTGL, P < .001) and hypercholesterolemia (HCHOL, P = .01) were independently associated with increased serum calprotectin but not S100A12 concentrations. Compared to normolipidemic MS, serum calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in MS with HTGL (P < .001) or combined hyperlipidemia (P = .02), but not those with isolated HCHOL (P = 1.0000). Presence (P = .005) and severity (P = .003) of HTGL and serum cholesterol concentrations (P = .04) decreased in MS with IH within 14‐26 weeks after being placed on the ultra‐low fat diet, but neither serum calprotectin nor S100A12 concentrations changed significantly with this dietary intervention. Conclusions and clinical importance Subclinical (low‐grade) inflammation appears to be present in some MS with IH, and an ultra‐low fat diet does not decrease serum concentrations of inflammatory proteins in those dogs. Whether this presumed inflammatory phenotype in MS with IH is associated with the development of IH complications (eg, insulin resistance) requires further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Idiopathic HTGL in MS has been reported to be associated with proteinuria and ultrastructural glomerular lesions, but whether these findings are a consequence or cause of dyslipidemia in MS remains unknown. Presence of proteinuria (ie, urine protein/creatinine ratios) or renal biopsy specimens were not evaluated in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers

Heilmann

Xenoulis

Müller

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Each unit increase in the severity of illness was associated with a 173% increase in odds of a urine dipstick protein concentration to USG ratio ≥1.5 (P = .04; Figure 2). Hyperadrenocorticism is known to be associated with proteinuria in dogs 4,5,17 and is a common comorbidity in dogs with mucocele formation. 8,9,12 Lack of association between proteinuria and hyperadrenocorticism in our study likely is related to selection criteria that decreased the number of dogs ultimately diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism.…”

Section: Illness Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study

Lindaberry

Vaden

Aicher

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dogs. An association between proteinuria and gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown. Objective: Determine if gallbladder mucocele formation or clinicopathologic comorbidities are associated with proteinuria. Animals: Twenty-five dogs with mucocele formation and 25 breed and age-matched control dogs from a prior study. Methods: Retrospective case control study. Proteinuria defined by calculated urine dipstick protein concentration (mg/mL) to urine specific gravity (USG) ratio. Clinicopathologic findings, postcosyntropin cortisol concentration, thyroid function profile, and illness severity score were recorded. Results: Median urine dipstick protein concentration to USG ratio and number of dogs having a ratio ≥1.5 were significantly higher for dogs with mucocele formation compared to control dogs. Proteinuria was not significantly associated with CBC or serum biochemistry profile abnormalities but increased in relation to severity of illness. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Gallbladder mucocele formation is significantly associated with proteinuria in dogs. Diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria in dogs with mucocele formation might minimize long term kidney morbidity in these patients.

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“…Likewise, dyslipidemia has been detected in patients diagnosed with IBD [35–37]. Similar to the findings in humans, altered lipid profiles have been recognized in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic hyperlipidemia [38,39], diabetes mellitus [40], parvoviral infection [41], cancer [42], renal disease [43,44], or systemic infections [45]. Besides possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of those diseases, several studies have demonstrated lipids, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), to also have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and potentially other beneficial effects both in human [46–48] and in veterinary patients [49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparison of the systemic phospholipid profile in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease or food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment

Kalenyak¹,

Heilmann²,

Lest

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) are common chronic enteropathies in dogs, of which the exact pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In people dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with IBD, and potential therapeutic benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of IBD have been investigated. Studies on the phospholipid profile in dogs with IBD and FRD are still lacking. Aim To investigate the systemic phospholipid profile of dogs with IBD or FRD and to evaluate possible differences in phospholipids before and after treatment. Methods The phospholipids in whole blood and EDTA plasma of 32 dogs diagnosed with either IBD (n = 16) or FRD (n = 16) were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) prior to and after initiation of treatment, which included an elimination diet enriched with PUFAs. Results A clear separation of the phospholipids between whole blood and plasma was demonstrated on principal component analysis plots. In addition to the type of specimen, treatment and disease severity were the most significant factors determining the variance of the phospholipid profile. An increase in lysolipids was observed after treatment. The phosphatidylcholine (PC) species changed from PC 38:4 before treatment to mainly lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 after treatment. Furthermore, several differences in the abundance of individual phospholipids were identified between dogs with IBD and dogs with FRD and between treatment statuses using random forest analysis. Conclusion Significant variances were identified in the phospholipid profiles of dogs with IBD and FRD. These were particularly determined by type of specimen used, disease severity and treatment status. After treatment, a shift of phospholipid species towards lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 was observed. Future studies should further investigate the role of lipids in the pathophysiology of IBD and FRD as well as their potential therapeutic benefits.

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Clinical Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia‐Associated Proteinuria in Miniature Schnauzers

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers

Association of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) concentrations and idiopathic hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzers

Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study

Comparison of the systemic phospholipid profile in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease or food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment

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