Clinical Course of Prostate Cancer and Factors That Determine It

Abstract

Connection of the publication with planned research works.The publication is a fragment of an initiative research topic at the development stage. Introduction.Prostate cancer (PC) is a serious global health care problem. In 2018, there were 1.3 million new cases and 359,000 deaths, making prostate cancer the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. It is the most common type of cancer in men in more than half of the world's countries (105 out of 185) and the leading cause of cancer death in 46 countries. Mortality from PC is decreasing in many countries thanks to screening, early detection, and improved treatment [1,2,3].The use in many countries of screening programs with biochemical markers of the tumour process, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone (TS), luteinizing hormone (LT), insulin-like growth factor (ISF1), prostatic acid phosphatase (APP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glycosylhydrolase (GH), makes it possible to detect PC in the early stages, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, thanks to which the number of cases of detection of locally advanced and metastatic processes has significantly decreased [4,5,6,7].The introduction of the PSA test into clinical practice essentially «revolutionized» the field of diagnosis and monitoring of benign and malignant prostate diseases, changing the frequency and structure of the disease. Although PSA does not have the qualities of an «ideal marker», it is one of the primary tumour-associated markers with great prognostic significance. On the other hand, with the introduction of the PSA-associated marker into clinical practice, the problem of overdiagnosis of PC arose, which in many cases reaches 20-30% of observations [8,9,10].