Clinical diagnosis of patients with cerebrovascular disease

Caplan, Louis R.; Hon, Fong Kwong Sonny

doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00118-0

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Stroke is a leading cause of mortality after heart disease, equating to 9% of total deaths each year. It is the most common cause of long-term disability, with up to 40% of stroke patients not expected to recover independence (2). Ischaemic stroke accounts for approximately 80-85% of all cases, with approximately 30% of the former undergoing haemorrhagic transformation (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke

Allen

Bayraktutan

2009

International Journal of Stroke

822

519

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, with astronomical financial repercussions on health systems worldwide. Ischaemic stroke accounts for approximately 80-85% of all cases and is characterised by the disruption of cerebral blood flow and lack of oxygen to the affected area. Oxidative stress culminates due to an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants and consequent excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are biphasic, playing a role in normal physiological processes and are also implicated in a number of disease processes, whereby they mediate damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins, and DNA. The cerebral vasculature is a major target of oxidative stress playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic brain injury following a cerebrovascular attack. Superoxide, the primary reactive oxygen species, and its derivatives have been shown to cause vasodilatation via the opening of potassium channels and altered vascular reactivity, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and focal destructive lesions in animal models of ischaemic stroke. However, reactive oxygen species are involved in normal physiological processes including cell signalling, induction of mitogenesis, and immune defence. Primarily, this review will focus on the cellular and vascular aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and their role in the pathogenesis of ischaemia-reperfusion phenomena. Secondly, the proposed mechanisms of oxidative stress-related neuronal death will be reflected upon and in summation specific targeted neuroprotective therapies targetting oxidative stress and their role in the pathogenesis of stroke will be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke

Allen

Bayraktutan

2009

International Journal of Stroke

822

519

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stroke is a leading cause of mortality after heart disease, and is responsible for about 9% of total deaths each year. It is also the single most common cause of long-term disability, with up to 40% of stroke patients not expected to recover independence [ 2 ]. A stroke can be due to ischemia caused by thrombosis or embolism or due to a hemorrhage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

Zhang

Yan

Shi

2013

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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Diabetes is considered a major risk factor for stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcomes. Here, we discuss and summarize the mechanisms that have been associated with the increased risk of stroke due to the hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic stroke models, hyperglycemia exaggerates the following damaging processes: acidosis, accumulation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding the mechanism of diabetes acting as a stroke risk factor will definitely assist to reveal issues related to drug metabolism and toxicity in diabetic stroke. In addition, it is suggested that future studies may focus on the mechanisms mediating blood-brain barrier and astrocytes dysfunction under hyperglycemic stroke.

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“…Stroke causes a significant burden on human health [ 1 - 3 ]. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for nearly 80-85% of all stroke cases and is caused by the interruption of cerebral blood flow because of a blood clot [ 2 , 4 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum IL-33 Is a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Li¹,

Lin²,

Huang³

et al. 2016

Aging and disease

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Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly recognized IL-1 family member, is expressed in various tissues and cells, and involved in pathogenesis of many human diseases. For example, IL-33 plays a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of IL-33 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether IL-33 level in AIS patient serum can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. The study included two hundred and six patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, who were admitted within 72 hours after stroke onset. The serum level of IL-33 was measured with ELISA and the severity of AIS patients on admission was evaluated based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The functional outcome at 3 months was determined using the Barthel index (BI). We found that serum IL-33 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with AIS [57.68 ng/L (IQR, 44.95-76.73)] compared with healthy controls [47.48 ng/L (IQR, 38.67-53.78)]. IL-33 was an independent diagnostic biomarker for AIS with an OR of 1.051 (95%Cl, 1.018-1.085; P=0.002). Serum IL-33 was higher (P < 0.05) in the stroke patients with small cerebral infarction volume compared to AIS patients with large cerebral infarction. In addition, serum IL-33 was also significantly higher (P = 0.001) in the patients with mild stroke, compared to the patients with severe stroke. Furthermore, serum IL-33 level in AIS patients with a worse outcome was higher (P < 0.001) compared to AIS patients with a better outcome. IL-33 was also an independent predictor for the functional outcome with an adjusted OR of 0.932 (95% CI, 0.882-0.986). Our results suggest that the lower level of serum IL-33 is associated with large infarction volume and greater stroke severity in AIS patients. Thus, IL-33 can be used as a novel and independent diagnostic and predicting prognostic marker in AIS.

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Clinical diagnosis of patients with cerebrovascular disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Oxidative Stress and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke

Oxidative Stress and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke

Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

Serum IL-33 Is a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Ischemic Stroke

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