Clinical disease in sheep caused by bluetongue virus serotype 8, and prevention by an inactivated vaccine

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 experimentation on adult cattle

“…Concerning this last point, in this study, 6 Â 10 6 -TCID50 of EHDV6 (from BHK21 culture cell supernatants) were inoculated per animal whereas Batten et al (2011) inoculated 10 7 -TCID50 per calf of EHDV6 grown on KC cells, by the same route (subcutaneously). The infectious virus titers and the way of inoculation were then similar and the fact that the inoculums were isolated from mammalian or insect cell productions seems not influence the EHDV virulence, which is in contrast with a study carried out with BTV inoculums (Moulin et al, 2012).…”

Dendritic Cell Subtypes from Lymph Nodes and Blood Show Contrasted Gene Expression Programs upon Bluetongue Virus Infection

“…In parallel, virus isolation was performed and confirmed the infectivity of the blood samples. These viral and clinical observations were similar to those described in other published studies (5,6,20,27,28).…”

“…An analysis of the representation of pDCs and cDCs was conducted in the draining lymph nodes, blood, and spleen during BTV infection. Three time points were chosen: at D2 postinfection, when type I IFN was induced in the serum (17); at D6 postinfection, when the viremia peaked and symptoms appeared (this study and others [5]); and at D10, when symptoms and virus counts started to decrease (this study and others [5,27]). As shown in Fig.…”

“…Whereas BTV infection has been endemic for several centuries in Southern Africa, it recently caused major outbreaks in several northern European countries with severe economical consequences in sheep and cattle (1,2). Bluetongue disease (BT) is characterized by fever, vascular injury with hemorrhages, tissue infarctions, and widespread edema, lesions that are consistent with those of the so-called viral hemorrhagic fevers (3)(4)(5)(6). After inoculation in the skin, the virus migrates, associated to conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), to the regional lymph node, where initial replication occurs (7,8).…”

Current and next-generation bluetongue vaccines: Requirements, strategies, and prospects for different field situations

“…This devastating outbreak has highly contributed to the rapid production of inactivated vaccines by different companies. Several aluminum hydroxide/saponin adjuvanted BTV8 vaccines were used: BLUEVAC (Eschbaumer et al, 2009;Moulin et al, 2012;Oura et al, 2009;Szmaragd et al, 2010;Wackerlin et al, 2010). Protection against clinical signs and viremia after virulent BTV8 challenge has also been shown at 12 months post-vaccination in sheep and cattle (Oura et al, 2009;Wackerlin et al, 2010).…”