Clinical effectiveness of non-TMS neurostimulation in depression: Clinical trials from 2010 to 2020

Non-pharmacological treatment-related changes of molecular biomarkers in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In line with the literature, NPTs were found to effectively reduce depressive symptoms ( Butler et al, 2006 ; Cuijpers et al, 2008 ; Mutz et al, 2018 ; Nitsche et al, 2009 ; Zugliani et al, 2021 ). Although no consistent correlations were observed between changes in biomarker levels pre- to post-NPT with changes in depressive symptoms, nor associations between baseline levels of a biomarker and NPT response, descriptive findings revealed that brain metabolites accessed via molecular biomarker-focused neuroimaging techniques (i.e., PET, 1 H-MRS) may provide promising information on whether an individual with MDD would respond positively to widely-used NPTs.…”

“…Second-line treatment involves switching or augmentation of these interventions based on initial patient response ( Kennedy et al, 2016 ; Parikh et al, 2016 ; Park & Zarate, 2019 ). Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) treatments such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have also been turned to in recent years due to evidence of their ability to modulate cortical activity ( Mutz et al, 2018 ; Nitsche et al, 2009 ; Zugliani et al, 2021 ). Pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and NIBS interventions have been shown to be effective on their own in some capacity to treat MDD ( Butler et al, 2006 ; Cipriani et al, 2018 ; Cuijpers et al, 2008 ; Fournier et al, 2010 ; Mutz et al, 2018 ; Nitsche et al, 2009 ; Zugliani et al, 2021 ), but not without their own limitations (e.g., treatment resistance, side effects, accessibility, and cost barriers) ( Kennedy et al, 2016 ; Milev et al, 2016 ; Parikh et al, 2016 ; Park & Zarate, 2019 ).…”

Awakening Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm Combined with Wake-Up Nursing on Patients with Massive Cerebral Infarction

“…Such results suggested that multisensory stimulation wake-up nursing combined with TMS was more beneficial to the recovery of brain function in patients with massive cerebral infarction and disturbance of consciousness. It has also been suggested that repeated TMS can stimulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex, thereby promoting the recovery of brain function and awakening the consciousness of patients [28,29]. e multisensory stimulation wake-up nursing also helps the recovery of the human central nervous system and enhances the activity of neurons in the upper cerebral cortex, thereby enhancing the connection between the cortex and the subcortical tissue and promoting the awakening of patients [30,31].…”

Toward the Development of tES- Based Telemedicine System: Insights From the Digital Transformation and Neurophysiological Evidence

“…Recent advancements in psychiatric treatment include non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) ( 7 , 8 ). Several studies have examined the efficacy of NIBS techniques in treating psychiatric diseases ( 9 ).…”