Clinical Effects of Choline in Alzheimer's Disease

Étienne, Pierre; Gauthier, Serge; Johnson, Graham; Collier, B.; Mendis, Tilak; Dastoor, Dolly; Cole, Martín G.; Müller, H.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90180-0

Cited by 91 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This study did not include a placebo group. Finally, three other studies of choline involving 3 to 18 patients found no changes in mental status following one to two months of daily choline treatment (8 g to 15 g) (40)(41)(42). Taken together the available studies have been largely disappointing.…”

Section: Memory Disorders and Ch Olinergic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Pharmacology of Memory: A Neurobiological Perspective

Squire¹,

Davis²

1981

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

317

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Section: Memory Disorders and Ch Olinergic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Pharmacology of Memory: A Neurobiological Perspective

Squire¹,

Davis²

1981

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

317

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“…Boyd, Graham-White, Blackwood, Glen and McQueen, 1977;Etienne, Cauthier, Johnson, Collier, Mendis, Dastoor, Cole and Muller, 1978;Smith, Swash, Exton-Smith, Philips, Overstall, Piper and Bailey, 1978;Signoret, Whiteley and Lhermitte, 1978). By the time Bartus et al (1982) published their review of the trials in Alzheimer-type dementia, they were able to report that of 17 trials using cholinergic precursors (choline or lecithin), 10 reported no effect, 6 reported non-significant trends towards improved cognitive performance, and only one study claimed statistically significant gains.…”

Section: Early Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cholinergic Neurotransmitter System in Human Memory and Dementia: A Review

Kopelman¹

1986

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

169

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The present paper reviews three types of evidence implicating the role of acetylcholine in human memory and dementia: (1) neuropathological evidence that the cholinergic transmitter system is depleted in Alzheimer-type dementia; (2) psychopharmacological studies that have employed “cholinergic blockade” as a model of cholinergic depletion; and (3) clinical studies of cholinergic “replacement” therapy in Alzheimer-type dementia. The evidence that the cholinergic system is depleted in Alzheimer-type dementia has been complemented by the finding that cholinergic blockade in healthy subjects causes a substantial learning (or “acquisition”) deficit in episodic memory. The overall results of studies of replacement therapy have generally been disappointing, but a few have reported benefits in recall and recognition tests. The role of the cholinergic system in many aspects of memory remains to be elucidated; but it seems unlikely that cholinergic depletion accounts for all aspects of the memory disorder in Alzheimer-type dementia, and possibly the depletions of other neurotransmitters also contribute to the memory impairment.

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“…There were also no significant changes in mood or behavior. Finally, Etienne et al (7) reported no improvement in three patients with Alzheimer's disease after they were treated for 1 month with up to 8 g of choline bitartrate per day, and in a placebo-controlled crossover study, Smith et al (8) found no cognitive changes in ten Alzheimer's patients treated with 9 g of choline bitartrate per day for 2 weeks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%