Clinical Efficacy of Cefixime for the Treatment of Early Syphilis

Stafylis, Chrysovalantis; Keith, Kori; Mehta, Shivani; Tellalian, David; Burian, Pamela; Millner, Carl; Klausner, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciab187

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A concentration of penicillin above 0.018 mg/L is considered treponemicidal, but this drug is very efficient in early syphilis and less effective in advanced stages (Ficarra & Carlos, 2009). However, with the global shortage and rising costs of penicillin, alternative treatment options, including cefixime, for the management of early syphilis have emerged (Stafylis et al, 2021). Considering that AOS remains a public health conundrum, especially in low‐ and middle‐income economies (Kenyon et al, 2016; Newman et al, 2015; Zoni et al, 2013), continuous investments in these countries are encouraged (Ghanem et al, 2020; Schmidt et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Acquired oral syphilis: A multicenter study of 339 patients from South America

et al. 2021

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Objective To report the clinicopathologic features of acquired oral syphilis cases in South American countries. Materials and Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the records of 18 oral diagnostic services in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, and Peru. Serologies of nontreponemal and treponemal tests were used for diagnosis. Results The series comprised 339 cases of acquired oral syphilis. Secondary syphilis ranked as the most common stage (86.7%). Lesions were more frequent among males (58.0%) and young adults with a mean age of 33.3 years. Individuals aged 20–29 years were most affected (35.3%). The most commonly involved sites were the tongue (31.6%), lip/labial commissure (25.1%), and hard/soft palate (20.4%). Clinically, acquired oral syphilis usually presented as mucous patches (28.4%), papules (25.7%), and ulcers (18.1%). Skin manifestations occurred in 67.7% of individuals, while lymphadenopathy and fever were observed in 61.3% and 11.6% of all subjects, respectively. Most patients were treated with the benzathine penicillin G antibiotic. Conclusion This report validates the spread of acquired oral syphilis infection among young adults in South America. Our directives include accessible diagnostic tools for proper disease screening, surveillance, and counselling of affected individuals, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired oral syphilis: A multicenter study of 339 patients from South America

et al. 2021

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“…Tanpa dinding sel, bakteri rentan terhadap lingkungan sehingga bisa menyebabkan kematian pada bakteri. Sefiksim juga melawan patogen dengan mengikat penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) yang ada di dinding sel bakteri [25,27]. Antibiotik β-laktam merupakan agen bakterisida yang paling banyak digunakan karena dapat menghambat biosintesis dinding sel dengan mengikat PBPs.…”

Section: Broth Dilution Testunclassified

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kokristal Sefiksim-Nikotinamida Menggunakan Agar Diffusion dan Broth Dilution Test

Abdullah,

Sibadu,

Mutmainnah

2023

J. Sains Kes.

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Cefixime has been formulated in cocrystal form with nicotinamide (coformer). SEF-NIK cocrystals were prepared at a mole ratio of 1:1 using a liquid-assisted grinding method. The cocrystals were characterized using DSC, FTIR, SEM, and PXRD. The characterization results showed that cocrystals were formed between cefixime and nicotinamide. The results of the solubility test, dissolution rate and permeability of the SEF-NIK cocrystal showed a significant increase compared to pure cefixime. Based on these results, the SEF-NIK cocrystal was continued for pharmacodynamic studies with in vitro antibacterial activity studies. This study aims to determine the effect of cocrystallization techniques on the antibacterial activity of cefixime. The test was carried out using two methods, namely the Agar Diffusion Test and the Broth Dilution Test. The results showed that cocrystallization of cefixime with nicotinamide did not inhibit its effectiveness against Escherichia coli bacteria, but its effectiveness was better than pure cefixime. In the agar diffusion method, the inhibition zones of cefixime and SEF-NIK cocrystals against Escherichia coli bacteria were 6.2 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively. On the fifth day of the broth dilution test method, the OD values of Escherichia coli bacteria in the cefixime and SEF-NIK cocrystals were 1.330 and 1.064, respectively. Keywords: cefixime, liquid-assisted grinding, antibacterial activity Abstrak Sefiksim telah berhasil dibuat dalam bentuk kokristal dengan nikotinamida (koformer). Kokristal SEF-NIK dibuat dengan perbandingan mol 1:1 menggunakan metode liquid-assisted grinding. Kokristal dikarakterisasi menggunakan DSC, FTIR, SEM, dan PXRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk kokristal antara sefiksim dan nikotinamida. Hasil uji kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan permeabilitas kokristal SEF-NIK menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan sefiksim murni. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, kokristal SEF-NIK dilanjutkan ke tahap uji farmakodinamik yakni uji aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari teknik kokristalisasi terhadap aktvitas antibakteri sefiksim. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan dua metode yakni Agar Diffusion Method (difusi agar) dan Broth Dilution Method (dilusi cair). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kokristalisasi sefiksim dengan nikotinamida tidak menghambat efektivitasnya terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, akan tetapi efektivitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan sefiksim murni. Pada metode difusi agar, zona hambat sefiksim terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 6,2 mm sedangkan kokristal SEF-NIK lebih besar yakni 8,6 mm. Pada metode dilusi cair, hasil pengukuran OD bakteri Escherichia coli hari kelima pada sefiksim sebesar 1,330 sedangkan pada kokristal SEF-NIK sebesar 1,064. Kata Kunci: sefiksim, liquid-assisted grinding, aktivitas antibakteri

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“…Oral options such as amoxicillin and cefixime may be more readily available alternatives, but their efficacy in randomized trials merit further investigation. 3…”

Section: Public Health Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%