Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of Sporotrichosis cases in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a 16-year study

Abstract

Background: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection that occurs worldwide, although its highest incidence is in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, it is an hyperendemic disease that affects animals and humans. Objective: To report cases of sporotrichosis in a dermatology referral service, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Retrospective, observational, descriptive study, from 2003 to 2019. Data were selected from patients who had skin lesions suggestive of sporotrichosis, and who had positive direct and/or cultural mycological examinations of Sporothrix spp.. Clinical records were reviewed in charts. Results: 61 cases of sporotrichosis were identified, with an annual average of 4 cases. There was a predominance of males (54.1%; n=33) and white skin color (77.0%; n=47). The mean age was 45.9 years (standard deviation = 21.2), with the predominant age group between 25 and 60 years (41.0%; n=25). The sample consisted mainly of patients residing in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (47.5%; n=29). Conclusions: This study contributes with updates on the epidemiological situation of sporotrichosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.