Clinical Evaluation and Symptoms of Chemosensory Impairment: One Thousand Consecutive Cases from the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego

Harris, Rebecca M.; Davidson, Terence M.; Murphy, Claire; Gilbert, Paul E.; Chen, Margaret

doi:10.1177/194589240602000119

Cited by 63 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since the initial case report, the entity has been widely studied in head injured patients presenting for medical care and rehabilitation [1][2][3]6] and in the subspecialty population presenting to chemosensory centers with complaints of smell loss. In patients presenting at such chemosensory centers, head injury has been identified as one of the leading etiologies of smell loss and is the presumed pathological mechanism in 8-19% of patients [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction: A sequela of pediatric blunt head trauma

Sandford

Davidson

Herrera

et al. 2006

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction: A sequela of pediatric blunt head trauma

Sandford

Davidson

Herrera

et al. 2006

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…However, unlike hearing or visual disability tests, the tests to monitor olfactory or taste dysfunction are not always based on the strictly managed and widely-accepted test protocols [60]. The clinical experience is full of a number of applicable techniques and approaches for measuring smell and taste loss, among which several tests have been used to provide information from the population clinical surveys and patients looking for treatment for a smell or taste loss [60][61][62][63]. The published study reveals the data of 750 patients with complaints of abnormal smell or taste perception from Philadelphia.…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunction and Failure Causes Diagnosis Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with postviral diagnoses were most likely to report parosmias. Patients with head trauma rated taste and smell loss as significantly more severe than other patients [62].…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunction and Failure Causes Diagnosis Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of 1000 patients at the UCSD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego revealed differential olfactory impairment and differential symptom complaints based on diagnostic category, age, and gender [62]. The degree of olfactory impairment was driven by diagnostic category, age, and gender.…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunction and Failure Causes Diagnosis Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Prevalence Related to Patient Selection, Diagnostic Criteria and Therapeutic Treatment of Aged Clients Receiving Clinical Neurology and Community-Based Care

Babizhayev¹,

Deyev²,

Yegorov³

2011

CCP

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A decrease in olfactory function with age has been attributed to a variety of factors including normal anatomical and physiological changes in aging, surgery, trauma, environmental factors, medications and disease. Olfactory impairment has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Deficits in these chemical senses cannot only reduce the pleasure and comfort from food, but represent risk factors for nutritional and immune deficiencies as well as adherence to specific dietary regimens. Therapy is limited, but one should be aware of the existing medical and surgical treatment modalities.Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, copper and zinc ions, glycating agents and reactive aldehydes, protein cross-linking and proteolytic dysfunction may all contribute to neurodegeneration, olfactory dysfunction, AD. Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally-occurring, pluripotent, homeostatic transglycating agent. The olfactory lobe is normally enriched in carnosine and zinc. Loss of olfactory function and oxidative damage to olfactory tissue are early symptoms of AD. Protein and lipid oxidation and glycation are integral components of the AD pathophysiology. Carnosine can suppress amyloidbeta peptide toxicity, inhibit production of oxygen free-radicals, scavenge hydroxyl radicals and reactive aldehydes, and suppresses protein glycation. The observations suggest that patented non-hydrolyzed carnosine lubricant drug delivery or perfume toilet water formulations combined with related moiety amino acid structures, such as beta-alanine, should be explored for therapeutic potential towards olfactory dysfunction, AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. "The olfactory system, anatomically, is right in the middle of the part of the brain that's very important for memory. There are strong neural connections between the two." ~ Donald Wilson

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“…[1][2][3][4] Effective treatment for these symptoms has been demonstrated only recently and has not been formally established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Theophylline Treatment of Hyposmia and Hypogeusia

Henkin¹,

Schultz²,

Minnick-Poppe³

2012

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To determine whether intranasal theophylline methylpropyl paraben can correct hyposmia and hypogeusia. Design:We performed an open-label pilot study in patients with hyposmia and hypogeusia under the following 3 conditions: (1) before treatment, (2) after oral theophylline anhydrous treatment, and (3) after intranasal theophylline treatment. Under each condition, we performed subjective evaluations of taste and smell functions, quantitative measurements of taste (gustometry) and smell (olfactometry), and measurements of serum theophylline level and body weight.Setting: The Taste and Smell Clinic in Washington, DC.Patients: Ten patients with hyposmia and hypogeusia clinically related to the effects of viral illness, allergic rhinitis, traumatic brain injury, congenital hyposmia, and other chronic disease processes were selected.Interventions: Oral theophylline anhydrous, 200 to 800 mg/d for 2 to 12 months, was administered to each patient. This treatment was discontinued for 3 weeks to 4 months when intranasal theophylline methylpropyl paraben, 20 µg/d in each naris, was administered for 4 weeks.Main Outcome Measures: At termination of each condition, taste and smell function was determined subjectively, by means of gustometry and olfactometry, with measurement of serum theophylline levels and body weight.Results: Oral theophylline treatment improved taste and smell acuity in 6 patients after 2 to 12 months of treatment. Intranasal theophylline treatment improved taste and smell acuity in 8 patients after 4 weeks, with improvement greater than after oral administration. No adverse effects accompanied intranasal drug use. Body weight increased with each treatment but was greater after intranasal than after oral administration.Conclusions: Intranasal theophylline treatment is safer and more effective in improving hyposmia and hypogeusia than oral theophylline anhydrous treatment.

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Clinical Evaluation and Symptoms of Chemosensory Impairment: One Thousand Consecutive Cases from the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego

Abstract: Evaluation of 1000 patients at the UCSD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic in San Diego revealed differential olfactory impairment and differential symptom complaints based on diagnostic category, age, and gender.

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Olfactory dysfunction: A sequela of pediatric blunt head trauma

Olfactory dysfunction: A sequela of pediatric blunt head trauma

Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Prevalence Related to Patient Selection, Diagnostic Criteria and Therapeutic Treatment of Aged Clients Receiving Clinical Neurology and Community-Based Care

Intranasal Theophylline Treatment of Hyposmia and Hypogeusia

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