Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Myopia

Hiatt, Roger L.; Costenbader, Frank D.; Albert, Dan G.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040033007

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Infantile-onset myopia has frequently been suggested to represent a generally stable refraction status. [8][9][10] We did note that the tendency toward myopic progression or regression appeared to be related to the degree of refractive error present. Myopic regression appeared to be most evident at the highest refraction levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] In addition, infantileonset high myopia may be one factor related to the development of ambyopia; thus, it is interesting and appears very important to investigate the visual prognosis of infantileonset myopia and to find the associated timerelated refractive changes. The generally used criterion for the diagnosis of congenital myopia is myopia of a high degree, greater than or equal to À5.0 D, in a child of six years of age or less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term visual prognosis of infantile-onset high myopia

Shih

Hsiao

et al. 2005

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the clinical course and changes of refractive status in infantile-onset myopic children who received fully corrected glasses and to determine their visual prognosis. Methods In all, 57 children with infantileonset high myopia (spherical equivalent over À5.0 D prior to the age of 5 years) were included in this study. All children received initial full-correction glasses at the mean age of 3.52 years. The cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and the best-corrected visual acuity were collected every 6 months. The mean follow-up time was 9.36 years. Results We noted that the tendency toward progression or regression of myopia appeared to be related to the degree of refractive error. Lower grades of high myopia (À5.0 to À7.75 D) showed a greater tendency to progress than those of the highest initial myopic refraction level (rÀ11.0 D). While the latter group exhibited a more-substantial regression rate than those cases of the lower initial refraction level. About 80% of infantile-onset high myopes demonstrated a final best-corrected vision of greater than 20/40, with 37% of children revealing a best-corrected vision level even better than 20/25. Conclusion Clinical course of infantile high myopia is different to school myopia. Usually, higher degree of high myopia showed a stable state of myopia, or even possible regression, whereas the lower grades of high myopia revealed a strong tendency to progress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term visual prognosis of infantile-onset high myopia

Shih

Hsiao

et al. 2005

Eye

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“…Large congenital refractive errors do exist but are rare 50 and often associated with genetic disorders. 51,52 Examples of clearly genetic congenital refractive errors include the congenital and non-progressive myopia associated with Stickler's syndrome 53 and Leber's amaurosis.…”

Section: Clinical Examples Of a Failure Of Emmetropisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emmetropisation and the aetiology of refractive errors

Flitcroft

2014

Eye

146

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The distribution of human refractive errors displays features that are not commonly seen in other biological variables. Compared with the more typical Gaussian distribution, adult refraction within a population typically has a negative skew and increased kurtosis (ie is leptokurtotic). This distribution arises from two apparently conflicting tendencies, first, the existence of a mechanism to control eye growth during infancy so as to bring refraction towards emmetropia/low hyperopia (ie emmetropisation) and second, the tendency of many human populations to develop myopia during later childhood and into adulthood. The distribution of refraction therefore changes significantly with age. Analysis of the processes involved in shaping refractive development allows for the creation of a life course model of refractive development. Monte Carlo simulations based on such a model can recreate the variation of refractive distributions seen from birth to adulthood and the impact of increasing myopia prevalence on refractive error distributions in Asia.

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“…7,14,15 As reported by other authors, the eye with a high degree of myopia tends to have a stable refraction (p = 0.804), unless there is a family history of progressive myopia. 16,17 Similarly, in a strabismic population, Lepard 13 observed that the fixating eye tended to become more myopic, while no appreciable refractive changes were noted in the amblyopic eye. Furthermore, as was already noticed in female patients by Angi,18 it seems that evolution tends to reduce the entity of anisometropia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%